@ARTICLE{TreeBASE2Ref21919, author = {Dominique A Cowart and Chunya Huang and Sophie Arnaud-Haond and Susan L Carney and Charles R Fisher and Stephen W Schaeffer}, title = {Restriction to large-scale gene flow versus regional panmixia among cold seep Escarpia spp. (Polychaeta, Siboglinidae)}, year = {2013}, keywords = {vestimentiferan tubeworm, hydrocarbon seep, microsatellite, siboglinid, population structure, deep sea}, doi = {}, url = {http://}, pmid = {}, journal = {Molecular Ecology}, volume = {}, number = {}, pages = {}, abstract = {Several factors influence speciation and distribution of invertebrates. A combination of molecular, morphological, and environmental data is usually required to ascertain species boundaries and evolutionary processes. In the deep sea, vestimentiferan tubeworms of the genus Escarpia are important components of cold seep ecosystems, as they provide long-term habitat for other fauna. Three described species of Escarpia, E. spicata (Gulf of California), E. laminata (Gulf of Mexico) and E. southwardae (West African Cold Seeps), have been identified as a panmictic population through the use of mitochondrial markers (Cytochrome Oxidase subunit 1, COI; large ribosomal subunit rDNA, 16S; Cytochrome B, CYTB), despite geographic distances and dissimilar morphologies. Here we use Exon Priming Intron Crossing (EPIC) sequencing of Hemoglobin subunit B2 intron (hB2i), as well as 28 microsatellites to 1) test for the existence of differentiated species and 2) identify possible population structure within regions of the Gulf of Mexico and West Africa. Nine microsatellite loci amplified across the three Escarpia spp. support the occurrence of three genotypically distinct groups with no evidence of hybrids. Eleven loci examined in eight population samples of E. laminata (n =129) and sixteen loci in three population samples of E. southwardae (n =80) indicate a lack of population structure on a regional scale. Findings here support original morphological descriptions, confirm that the taxa are constrained to their respective region, and demonstrate that microsatellites can be an additional tool for the separation of species complexes when divergence is insufficient or too recent to be detected using gene sequences.} }

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