@ARTICLE{TreeBASE2Ref22028, author = {Jian-Qiang Zhang and Shi-Yong Meng and Jun Wen and Guang-Yuan Rao}, title = {Phylogenetic Relationships and Character Evolution of Rhodiola (Crassulaceae) based on Nuclear Ribosomal ITS, trnL-F, and psbA-trnH Sequences}, year = {2013}, keywords = {Character evolution, classification, Crassulaceae, dioecy, marcescent flowering stems, Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau, Rhodiola}, doi = {}, url = {http://}, pmid = {}, journal = {Systematic Botany}, volume = {}, number = {}, pages = {}, abstract = {Rhodiola (Crassulaceae) comprises about 70 species and shows a high level of morphological diversity. Species of the genus are mainly distributed in alpine areas and cold regions of the Northern Hemisphere with the Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau as its center of diversity. The phylogenetic relationships within Rhodiola remain poorly understood largely because of difficulties in collecting samples and specimens. In the present study, 44 species/varieties from Rhodiola representing all morphological sections were analyzed using sequences of the nuclear ribosomal internal transcribed spacer and the plastid psbA-trnH and trnL-F markers. Our results suggest that Rhodiola is a monophyletic group. Pseudosedum is most closely related to Rhodiola, but its relationship with the deeper clades of Rhodiola is not well resolved. None of the four currently recognized subgenera is monophyletic; yet three of seven sections, Rhodiola sects. Trifida, Prainia and Pseudorhodiola are each supported to be monophyletic. Rhodiola rosea is a popular medicinal plant that has an adaptogenic effect. Our analysis including three accessions from eastern Asia, eastern North America and Europe of R. rosea form a well-supported clade. The phylogenetic framework suggests that two taxonomically important characters, dioecy and marcescent flowering stems, are inferred to have evolved multiple times within Rhodiola.} }

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