@ARTICLE{TreeBASE2Ref22874, author = {Paulo H Labiak and Michael Andrew Sundue and Germinal Rouhan and Judith Garrison Hanks and John T Mickel and Robbin C Moran}, title = {Phylogeny and Historical Biogeography of the Lastreopsid Ferns (Dryopteridaceae).}, year = {2014}, keywords = {Historical biogeography, Antarctica, Southern Hemisphere, DEC, Lastreopsis, Megalastrum, Parapolystichum, Rumohra, taxonomy}, doi = {}, url = {http://}, pmid = {}, journal = {American Journal of Botany}, volume = {}, number = {}, pages = {}, abstract = {As currently circumscribed, Lastreopsis has about 45 species and primarily occurs in Australia, southern Asia, Africa, Madagascar, and the Neotropics. Previous molecular phylogenetic studies suggested that Lastreopsis is polyphyletic. Our study focuses on resolving relationships among the lastreopsid ferns (Lastreopsis, Megalastrum, and Rumohra), the evolution of morphological characters, and an understanding of the temporal and spatial patterns that have led to the current diversity and geographical distribution of its extant species. Phylogenetic relationships were recovered under Bayesian, Maximum Likelihood, and Maximum Parsimony methods. The dataset used included molecular sequences of four plastid markers. Divergence time estimates were performed using BEAST, and the biogeographic hypotheses were tested under the DEC model and the S-DIVA methods, using the programs Lagrange and RASP, respectively. Lastreopsis was recovered as paraphyletic, and at least one of its clades should be recognized as a distinct genus, Parapolystichum, a previously published name. Coveniella poecilophlebia and Oenotrichia tripinnata were nested within Lastreopsis and recovered in the clade that includes the type of Lastreopsis (L. tenera) and other Australian species. Megalastrum and Rumohra are nested within the lastreopsid ferns, sister to the Lastreopsis s.s. and Lastreopsis amplissima clades. The initial diversification of the lastreopsid ferns took place at about 56.55 Ma, from a Neotropical ancestor. The biogeographic history of the group is intimately related to the trans-Antarctic corridor between Australia and South America, especially during the Oligocene and the Eocene epochs. Taxonomic recognition of Parapolystichum is warranted to preserve the monophyly of Lastreopsis. No known morphological characters distinguish Parapolystichum from Lastreopsis. Diversification among the main clades of the lastreopsid ferns was influenced by climatic and geological changes in the Southern Hemisphere with evidence for multiple lineage interchanges between Australia and South America, a pattern previously documented for other groups of plant and animals, but for the first time reported for ferns.} }

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