@ARTICLE{TreeBASE2Ref23163, author = {Johnathan Grandaubert and Rohan G.T. Lowe and Jessica L. Soyer and Conrad L Schoch and Angela P Van de Wouw and Isabelle Fudal and Barbara Robbertse and Nicolas Lapalu and Matthew G. Links and B?n?dicte Ollivier and Juliette Linglin and Val?rie Barbe and Sophie Mangenot and Corinne Cruaud and Hossein Borhan and Barbara J. Howlett and Marie-H?l?ne Balesdent and Thierry Rouxel}, title = {Transposable Element-assisted evolution and adaptation 1 to host plant within the Leptosphaeria maculans-Leptosphaeria biglobosa species complex of fungal pathogens}, year = {2014}, keywords = {Comparative genomics, fungal plant pathogen, Transposable Elements, effector genes,speciation, adaptation to host}, doi = {}, url = {http://}, pmid = {}, journal = {BioMed Central Genomics}, volume = {}, number = {}, pages = {}, abstract = {Abstract Background: Many plant-pathogenic fungi have a tendency towards genome size expansion, mostly driven by increasing content of transposable elements (TEs). Through comparative and evolutionary genomics, five members of the Leptosphaeria maculans-Leptosphaeria biglobosa species complex (class Dothideomycetes, order Pleosporales), having different host ranges and pathogenic abilities towards cruciferous plants, were studied to infer the role of TEs on genome shaping, speciation, and on the rise of better adapted pathogens. Results: L. maculans ?brassicae?, the most damaging species on oilseed rape, is the only member of the species complex to have a TE-invaded genome (32.5%) compared to the other members genomes (<4%). These TEs had an impact at the structural level by creating large TE-rich regions and also through chromosomal rearrangements possibly leading to speciation. TEs, associated with species-specific genes involved in disease process, also had an incidence on evolution of pathogenicity by being responsible of translocations of effector genes to highly dynamic regions and thus tuning the regulation of effector gene expression in planta. Conclusions: Invasion of L. maculans 'brassicae' genome by TEs followed by bursts of TE activity allowed this species to evolve and to better adapt to its host, making this genome species a peculiarity within its own species complex as well as in the Pleosporales lineage. } }

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