@ARTICLE{TreeBASE2Ref23930, author = {Marcin Piwczyński and Radosław Puchałka and Krzysztof Spalik}, title = {The infrageneric taxonomy of Chaerophyllum (Apiaceae) revisited: new evidence from nuclear ribosomal DNA ITS sequences and fruit anatomy.}, year = {2015}, keywords = {anatomical cross-sections, ancestral reconstruction, carpology, chervil, molecular taxonomy, principal component analysis (PCA)}, doi = {10.1111/boj.12282}, url = {http://}, pmid = {}, journal = {Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society}, volume = {178}, number = {2}, pages = {298--313}, abstract = {Evolutionary relationships among 65 species of Chaerophyllum were inferred from nuclear ribosomal DNA internal transcribed spacer (ITS) sequence variation. Thirty one species represented by 158 mericarp samples were analysed for fruit anatomical character variation employing phylogenetic and phenetic methods to explore their congruence with infrageneric divisions based on molecular data. Phylogenetic trees inferred from molecular data using maximum likelihood (ML) and Bayesian methods (BI) corroborated the division of the genus into four sections: Chaerophyllum, Dasypetalon, Physocaulis and Chrysocarpum. From among the newly sequenced species, the Greek endemic C. heldreichii was grouped within section Chaerophyllum, while the highly variable Asian C. reflexum-C. villosum complex formed a basal paraphyly within the section Chrysocarpum. The recently described C. karsianum has an identical ITS sequence to C. bulbosum, while C. aksekiense was clearly separated from the morphologically similar C. macrospermum. Our study confirmed the postulated synonymy of several species based on morphology, but also demonstrated distant relationships between some morphologically similar species. With the exception of the monotypic section Physocaulis, we were unable to find carpological traits matching sectional divisions. We hypothesise that fruit characters evolved rapidly due to diversification of members of the genus in different habitats.} }

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