@ARTICLE{TreeBASE2Ref17220, author = {Christiane Maria Ritz and Ludwig Martins and Rainer Mecklenburg and Vadim V. Goremykin and Frank H. Hellwig}, title = {The molecular phylogeny of Rebutia (Cactaceae) and its allies demonstrates the influence of paleogeography on the evolution of South American mountain cacti}, year = {2007}, keywords = {}, doi = {}, url = {}, pmid = {}, journal = {American Journal of Botany}, volume = {94}, number = {8}, pages = {1321--1332}, abstract = {This study explores the phylogenetic relationships of the most popular South American cacti classified in Browningieae, Cereeae and Trichocereeae. We sequenced three non-coding chloroplast markers: the 5 region of the atpB-rbcL intergenic spacer (IGS), the trnL-trnF IGS and the trnK-rps16 IGS including a portion of the 5 end of the trnK gene. The phylogenetic reconstructions based on parsimony and Bayesian approaches clearly show that the large genera Rebutia s.l. and Echinopsis s.l. are polyphyletic. In the case of Rebutia s.s. the very narrow delimitation by Backeberg turns out to be in good correspondence with our results. The results further suggest the unification of the genera Sulcorebutia and Weingartia. The cephalia-bearing columnar cacti with naked pericarpels form a strongly supported clade. The genus Espostoa which also develops characteristic lateral cephalia but has hairy pericarpels is not included in this clade, instead, it is more closely related to non-cephalia-bearing Trichocereeae (Haageocereus, Matucana and others). Biogeographical patterns are congruent with the molecular phylogeny, as the cephalia-bearing cacti with naked pericarpels are centered in north-eastern Brazil, whereas almost all other species investigated in this study are distributed in the Andes. We hypothesize that the evolution of South American mountain cacti is influenced by the Andean uplift and the formation of intracontinental marine basins. This study contributes to a better understanding of how species richness evolved in of one of the worlds hotspots of biodiversity.} }

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