@ARTICLE{TreeBASE2Ref24670, author = {Alessandro Pirondi and Miloslav Kitner and Mirco Iotti and Ales Lebeda and Marina Collina}, title = {Genetic structure and phylogeny of Italian and Czech populations of the cucurbit powdery mildew fungus Golovinomyces orontii inferred by Multilocus Sequence Typing}, year = {2015}, keywords = {Bayesian inference, haplotype, inoculum dispersion, sexual recombination, species complex }, doi = {}, url = {http://}, pmid = {}, journal = {Plant Pathology }, volume = {0}, number = {0}, pages = {0--0}, abstract = {Cucurbit powdery mildew caused by Golovinomyces orontii is a serious disease that affect cucurbit crops in temperate areas. In northern Italy, the species is responsible of the early infections at the beginning of the growing season. However, chasmothecia have never been recorded in Italy and the impact of either asexual or sexual reproduction of G. orontii remains to be determined. To investigate and compare the genetic structure of Italian populations with respect to those from Czech Republic, where chasmothecia are sporadically recorded, seven housekeeping gene fragments (ef1-?, csI, ITS, H3, tub2, IGS and mtLSU) were amplified and used in a Multilocus Sequence Typing (MLST) approach. The four-gamete test was performed to detect recombination between and within populations. Phylogeny was inferred using both Bayesian and minimum evolution analyses. Results from MLST revealed the presence of 140 single nucleotide polymorphisms and the existence of 13 different haplotypes. Phylogenetic analysis revealed the existence of two main distinct phylogenetic groups that were also highly genetically different, confirming that G. orontii is a species complex. Our data suggest that groups 1 and 3 belonging to the lineage IX of the genus Golovinomyces prevail in Czech Republic and Italy. Recombination was detected within both the two geographical populations and the two phylogenetic groups indicating that sexual reproduction could have occurred. However, considering the lower haplotype diversity and the high frequency of ST3 (seventeen isolates) and ST7 (eight isolates) haplotypes, Italian population could be predominantly clonal, while sexual reproduction may occasionally occur due to the introduction of genotypes similar to those from Czech Republic.} }

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