@ARTICLE{TreeBASE2Ref27162, author = {Steven Leavitt and Martin Westberg and Mohammad Sohrabi and John E. Elix and Einar Timdal and Matthew P. Nelsen and Larry L. St. Clair and Mats Wedin and H. Thorsten Lumbsch}, title = {Complex patterns of intercontinental and isolated lineages in a common, cosmopolitan lichen-forming fungal component of biological soil crusts, Psora decipiens (Psoraceae, Ascomycota)}, year = {2017}, keywords = {Australia, biogeography, BSC, disjunct populations, long-distance dispersal, semi-arid, South Africa}, doi = {}, url = {http://}, pmid = {}, journal = {Frontiers in Microbiology}, volume = {}, number = {}, pages = {}, abstract = {Multiple drivers shape the spatial distribution of species, including dispersal capacity, niche incumbency, climate variability, orographic barriers, and plate tectonics. However, biogeographic patterns of microbes commonly do not fit conventional expectations based on studies of animals and plants. Microbes in general are known to occur across exceedingly broad, intercontinental distributions, including some important components of biological soil crust communities (BSCs). The lichen-forming fungal species Psora decipiens (Psoraceae, Lecanoromycetes) is found on all continents, except South America and Antarctica and occurs in BSCs across diverse habitats, ranging from hot, arid deserts to alpine steppe/tundra communities. In order to better understand the factors that shape population structure in cosmopolitan lichen-forming fungal species, we investigated biogeographic patterns in the cosmopolitan taxon Psora decipiens, along with the closely related taxa P. crenata and P. saviczii. We generated a multi-locus sequence data set based on a worldwide sampling of these taxa in order to reconstruct evolutionary relationships and explore phylogeographic patterns. Both P. crenata and P. decipiens were not recovered as monophyletic; and P. saviczii specimens were recovered as a monophyletic clade closely related to a number of lineages comprised of specimens representing P. decipiens. Striking phylogeographic patterns were observed for P. crenata, with populations from distinct geographic regions (e.g., western North America, South Africa, and the Middle East) belonging to well-separated, monophyletic lineages. South African populations of P. crenata were further divided into well-supported sub-clades. While well-supported phylogenetic substructure was also observed for P. decipiens, nearly all lineages were comprised of specimens collected from intercontinental populations. However, all Australian specimens representing P. decipiens were recovered within a single well-supported monophyletic clade consisting solely of Australian samples only. Our study supports up to ten candidate species-level lineages in P. decipiens, based on genealogical concordance and coalescent-based species delimitation analyses. We discuss biogeographic patterns and potential factors driving the spatial distribution of lineages within the P. crenata and P. decipiens groups. Our study has important implications for understanding factors influencing diversification and distributions of lichens associated with BSC. } }

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