@ARTICLE{TreeBASE2Ref27582, author = {Chong Shi and Shazhou An and Zhengpei Yao and Carolyn Anne Young and Daniel G Panaccione and Stephen T Lee and Christopher Lewis Schardl and Chunjie Li}, title = {Toxin-producing Epichloe bromicola Symbiotic with the Forage Grass, Elymus dahuricus, in China}, year = {2017}, keywords = {Epichloe bromicola, endophyte, translation elongation factor 1-α gene, -tubulin gene, Elymus dahuricus, ergot alkaloids, ergovaline, indole-diterpenes, mycotoxins, terpendoles}, doi = {}, url = {http://}, pmid = {}, journal = {Mycologia}, volume = {}, number = {}, pages = {}, abstract = {Cool-season grasses (Poaceae subfamily Pooideae) are an important forage component for livestock in western China, and many of the common species have seed-transmitted symbionts (endophytes) of the fungal genus Epichloe. The Epichloe species are known worldwide from almost all tribes of the Pooideae and vary considerably in their alkaloids, of which ergot alkaloids and indole-diterpenes can be toxic to mammals, whereas lolines and peramine are protective against invertebrates. We characterized genotypes and alkaloid profiles of Epichloe bromicola isolates symbiotic with Elymus dahuricus, an important forage grass in rangelands of China. This endophyte was seed-transmitted and, though it occasionally produced fruiting bodies (stromata) on El. dahuricus inflorescences, it was not observed to develop the sexual state. The genome sequence of E. bromicola isolate E7626 from El. dahuricus in Xinjiang Province revealed gene sets for peramine, ergot alkaloids and indole-diterpenes. In multiplex PCR screens of El. dahuricus endophyte isolates from Beijing and two locations in Shanxi Province, most were also positive for these genes. Ergovaline and other ergot alkaloids, terpendoles and other indole-diterpenes, and peramine were confirmed in El. dahuricus plants with E. bromicola. The presence of ergot alkaloids and indole-diterpenes in this grass is a potential concern for grazing livestock. } }

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