@ARTICLE{TreeBASE2Ref28829, author = {Vikram Alexander Misra and Eric K Wafula and Yu Wang and Claude W dePamphilis and Michael P Timko}, title = {Genome-Wide Identification of MST, SUT and SWEET Family Sugar Transporters in Root Parasitic Angiosperms and Analysis of Their Expression during Host Parasitism }, year = {2018}, keywords = {parasitic plant, sugar transporter, MST, SUT, SWEET, expression, Orobanchaceae}, doi = {}, url = {http://}, pmid = {}, journal = {BMC Plant Biology}, volume = {}, number = {}, pages = {}, abstract = {ABSTRACT Background. Root-parasitic weeds are a major constraint to agricultural productivity worldwide. These parasites cause their destruction by attaching to their hosts with a unique organ, the haustorium, that allows them to obtain host nutrients needed to complete their life-cycle. Parasitic weeds differ in degree of host dependence and the differential expression of sugar transporters is likely to be a critical post-attachment activity in the parasite?s survival. Results. We identified members of the monosaccharide transporters (MSTs), sucrose transporters (SUTs), and SWEETs (Sugars Will Eventually be Exported Transporters) gene families in three root-parasitic weeds differing in degree of host dependency: facultative hemiparasite Triphysaria versicolor, holoparasite Phelipanche aegyptiaca, and obligate hemiparasite Striga hermonthica, and examined the phylogenetic relationship and differential expression profiles of these genes before and after host attachment to ascertain difference correlated with different levels of host dependence. Differences in gene content and overall expression levels are found among the parasites beginning with the pre- and early attachment stages and culminating with above-ground reproductive stages. Within the different sugar transporter families some clades were found to broadly express throughout the life cycle, whereas others were expressed only in specific stages. Orthologs of the same gene also were found to be either conserved in their expression character or showed parasite-specific expression differences. For example, in the MST family, the pGLT clade in all parasites is most highly expressed before connection with the host, whereas the ERD6-like clade showed greater expression during post-connection growth in Phelipanche and during germination and reproduction in Striga. Conclusions. While it is tempting to consider that differences recognized among members of the MST, SUT and SWEET gene families in Phelipanche, Striga and Triphysaria reflect the parasite?s level of host dependence, there is still limited evidence that these expression differences are causative versus consequential of changing host dependence. The general increase in sugar transport throughout the parasite?s life-cycle may be important signals keying on developmental changes in the parasite associated with post attachment growth and development and reproduction. Being able to alter nutrient exchange between host and parasite could provide a means for controlling these devastating parasites. } }

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