@ARTICLE{TreeBASE2Ref29008, author = {Cobus Meyer Visagie and Neriman Yilmaz and Karen J. Vanderwolf and Justin B Renaud and Mark Sumarah and Keith A Seifert and David Malloch}, title = {Penicillium diversity in Canadian bat caves, including a new species, P. speluncae}, year = {2020}, keywords = {Thysanophora, sect. Fasciculata, Genealogical Concordance Phylogenetic Species Concept (GCPSR), Pseudogymnoascus destructans (Pd), secondary metabolites}, doi = {10.3114/fuse.2020.05.01}, url = {http://}, pmid = {32467912}, journal = {Fungal Systematics and Evolution}, volume = {5}, number = {}, pages = {1--15}, abstract = {Penicillium was commonly isolated during a fungal survey of bat hibernacula in New Brunswick and Quebec, Canada. Fungal strains were isolated from arthropods, bats, rodents (i.e. Peromyscus maniculatus), their dung, and cave walls. Hundreds of fungal species were obtained, of which Penicillium represented a major component of the community. Penicillium strains were grouped by colony characters on Blakeslee's malt extract agar. DNA sequencing of the secondary identification marker, β-tubulin, was done for representative strains from each group. In some cases, ITS and calmodulin were sequenced to confirm identifications. In total, 13 species were identified, often new reports for Canada, while eight strains consistently resolved into a unique clade with P. discolor, P. echinulatum and P. solitum its closest relatives. Penicillium speluncae is described using macro- and micromorphological characters, multigene phylogenies (including ITS, β-tubulin, calmodulin and RPB2) and extrolite profiles. The new species resembles P. discolor most closely. However, P. discolor has globose to subglobose, rough walled conidia in contrast to the ellipsoidal, smooth walled conidia of the new species. Major extrolites produced by the new species include cyclopenins, viridicatins, chaetoglobosins, and a microheterogenous series of cyclic and linear tetrapeptides. } }

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