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Citation for Study 12832

Citation title: "New fossil penguins (Aves, Sphenisciformes) from the Oligocene of New Zealand reveal the skeletal plan of stem penguins".

Study name: "New fossil penguins (Aves, Sphenisciformes) from the Oligocene of New Zealand reveal the skeletal plan of stem penguins".

This study is part of submission 12832 (Status: Published).

Citation

Ksepka D., Fordyce R., Ando Y., & Jones C.M. 2012. New fossil penguins (Aves, Sphenisciformes) from the Oligocene of New Zealand reveal the skeletal plan of stem penguins. Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology, 32(2): 235-254.

Authors

• Ksepka D.
• Fordyce R.
• Ando Y.
• Jones C.M.

Abstract

Three skeletons collected from the late Oligocene Kokoamu Greensand of New Zealand are among themost complete Paleogene penguins known. These specimens, described here as Kairuku waitaki, gen. et sp. nov., and Kairuku grebneffi, sp. nov., reveal new details of key elements of the stem penguin skeleton associated with underwater flight, including the sternum, flipper, and pygostyle. Relative proportions of the trunk, flippers, and hind limbs can now be determined from a single individual for the first time, offering insight into the body plan of stem penguins and improved constraints on size estimates for ?giant? taxa. Kairuku is characterized by an elongate, narrow sternum, a short and flared coracoid, an elongate narrow flipper, and a robust hind limb. The pygostyle of Kairuku lacks the derived triangular cross-section seen in extant penguins, suggesting that the rectrices attached in amore typical avian pattern and the tail may have lacked the propping function utilized by living penguins. Newmaterials described here, along with re-study of previously described specimens, resolve several long-standing phylogenetic, biogeographic, and taxonomic issues stemming from the inadequate comparativematerial of several of the first-named fossil penguin species. An array of partial associated skeletons from the Eocene?Oligocene of New Zealand historically referred to Palaeeudyptes antarcticus or Palaeeudyptes sp. are recognized as at least five distinct species: Palaeeudyptes antarcticus, Palaeeudyptes marplesi, Kairuku waitaki, Kairuku grebneffi, and an unnamed Burnside Formation species.

External links

• DOI: 10.1080/02724634.2012.652051
• Other URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.5061/dryad.93j174jd

About this resource

• Canonical resource URI: http://purl.org/phylo/treebase/phylows/study/TB2:S12832
• Other versions: Nexus NeXML
• Show BibTeX reference

  		@ARTICLE{TreeBASE2Ref20803,
  	 author = {Daniel T.  Ksepka and R. Ewan  Fordyce and Yuho  Ando and Craig M. Jones},
  	 title = {New fossil penguins (Aves, Sphenisciformes) from the Oligocene of New Zealand reveal the skeletal plan of stem penguins},
  	 year = {2012},
  	 keywords = {},
  	 doi = {10.1080/02724634.2012.652051},
  	 url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.5061/dryad.93j174jd},
  	 pmid = {},
  	 journal = {Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology},
  	 volume = {32},
  	 number = {2},
  	 pages = {235--254},
  	 abstract = {Three skeletons collected from the late Oligocene Kokoamu Greensand of New Zealand are among themost complete Paleogene penguins known. These specimens, described here as Kairuku waitaki, gen. et sp. nov., and Kairuku grebneffi, sp. nov., reveal new details of key elements of the stem penguin skeleton associated with underwater flight, including the sternum, flipper, and pygostyle. Relative proportions of the trunk, flippers, and hind limbs can now be determined from a single individual for the first time, offering insight into the body plan of stem penguins and improved constraints on size estimates for ?giant? taxa. Kairuku is characterized by an elongate, narrow sternum, a short and flared coracoid, an elongate narrow flipper, and a robust hind limb. The pygostyle of Kairuku lacks the derived triangular cross-section seen in extant penguins, suggesting that the rectrices attached in amore typical avian pattern and the tail may have lacked the propping function utilized by living penguins. Newmaterials described here, along with re-study of previously described specimens, resolve several long-standing phylogenetic, biogeographic, and taxonomic issues stemming from the inadequate comparativematerial of several of the first-named fossil penguin species. An array of partial associated skeletons from the Eocene?Oligocene of New Zealand historically referred to Palaeeudyptes antarcticus or Palaeeudyptes sp. are recognized as at least five distinct species: Palaeeudyptes antarcticus, Palaeeudyptes marplesi, Kairuku waitaki, Kairuku grebneffi, and an unnamed Burnside Formation species.}
  }
  		

• Show RIS reference

  		TY  - JOUR
  ID  - 20803
  AU  - Ksepka,Daniel T. 
  AU  - Fordyce,R. Ewan 
  AU  - Ando,Yuho 
  AU  - Jones,Craig M.
  T1  - New fossil penguins (Aves, Sphenisciformes) from the Oligocene of New Zealand reveal the skeletal plan of stem penguins
  PY  - 2012
  KW  - 
  UR  - http://dx.doi.org/10.5061/dryad.93j174jd
  N2  - Three skeletons collected from the late Oligocene Kokoamu Greensand of New Zealand are among themost complete Paleogene penguins known. These specimens, described here as Kairuku waitaki, gen. et sp. nov., and Kairuku grebneffi, sp. nov., reveal new details of key elements of the stem penguin skeleton associated with underwater flight, including the sternum, flipper, and pygostyle. Relative proportions of the trunk, flippers, and hind limbs can now be determined from a single individual for the first time, offering insight into the body plan of stem penguins and improved constraints on size estimates for ?giant? taxa. Kairuku is characterized by an elongate, narrow sternum, a short and flared coracoid, an elongate narrow flipper, and a robust hind limb. The pygostyle of Kairuku lacks the derived triangular cross-section seen in extant penguins, suggesting that the rectrices attached in amore typical avian pattern and the tail may have lacked the propping function utilized by living penguins. Newmaterials described here, along with re-study of previously described specimens, resolve several long-standing phylogenetic, biogeographic, and taxonomic issues stemming from the inadequate comparativematerial of several of the first-named fossil penguin species. An array of partial associated skeletons from the Eocene?Oligocene of New Zealand historically referred to Palaeeudyptes antarcticus or Palaeeudyptes sp. are recognized as at least five distinct species: Palaeeudyptes antarcticus, Palaeeudyptes marplesi, Kairuku waitaki, Kairuku grebneffi, and an unnamed Burnside Formation species.
  L3  - 10.1080/02724634.2012.652051
  JF  - Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology
  VL  - 32
  IS  - 2
  SP  - 235
  EP  - 254
  ER  -