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Citation for Study 13373

Citation title: "The phylogenetic relationships among infraorders and superfamilies of Diptera based on morphological evidence".

Study name: "The phylogenetic relationships among infraorders and superfamilies of Diptera based on morphological evidence".

This study is part of submission 13373 (Status: Published).

Citation

Lambkin C., Sinclair B., Pape T., Courtney G.W., Skevington J., Meier R., Yeates D., Blagoderov V., & Wiegmann B.M. 2013. The phylogenetic relationships among infraorders and superfamilies of Diptera based on morphological evidence. Systematic Entomology, 38: 164-179.

Authors

• Lambkin C.
• Sinclair B.
• Pape T.
• Courtney G.W.
• Skevington J.
• Meier R.
• Yeates D.
• Blagoderov V.
• Wiegmann B.M. 919-515-1653

Abstract

Members of the megadiverse insect order Diptera (flies) have successfully colonized all continents and nearly all habitats. There are more than 154 000 described fly species, representing 10?12% of animal species. Elucidating the phylogenetic relationships of such a large component of global biodiversity is challenging, but significant advances have been made in the last few decades. Since Hennig first discussed the monophyly of major groupings, Diptera has attracted much study, but most researchers have used non-numerical qualitative methods to assess morphological data. More recently, quantitative phylogenetic methods have been used on both morphological and molecular data. All previous quantitative morphological studies addressed narrower phylogenetic problems, often below the suborder or infraorder level. Here we present the first numerical analysis of phylogenetic relationships of the entire order using a comprehensive morphological character matrix. We scored 371 external and internal morphological characters from larvae, pupae and adults for 42 species, representing all infraorders selected from 42 families. Almost all characters were obtained from previous studies but required revision for this ordinallevel study, with homology assessed beyond their original formulation and across all infraorders.We found significant support for many major clades (including the Diptera, Culicomorpha, Bibionomorpha, Brachycera, Eremoneura, Cyclorrhapha, Schizophora, Calyptratae and Oestroidea) and we summarize the character evidence for these groups. We found low levels of support for relationships between the infraorders of lower Diptera, lower Brachycera and major lineages of lower Cyclorrhapha, and this is consistent with findings from molecular studies. These poorly supported areas of the tree may be due to periods of rapid radiation that left few synapomorphies in surviving lineages.

Keywords

morphology, flies,

External links

• DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-3113.2012.00652.x
• Other URL: http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/journal/10.1111/(ISSN)1365-3113/earlyview

About this resource

• Canonical resource URI: http://purl.org/phylo/treebase/phylows/study/TB2:S13373
• Other versions: Nexus NeXML
• Show BibTeX reference

  		@ARTICLE{TreeBASE2Ref21338,
  	 author = {Christine  Lambkin and Bradley  Sinclair and Thomas  Pape and Gregory W Courtney and Jeffrey H.  Skevington and Rudolf  Meier and David K.  Yeates and Vladimir  Blagoderov and Brian Michael Wiegmann},
  	 title = {The phylogenetic relationships among infraorders and superfamilies of Diptera based on morphological evidence},
  	 year = {2013},
  	 keywords = {morphology, flies, },
  	 doi = {10.1111/j.1365-3113.2012.00652.x},
  	 url = {http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/journal/10.1111/(ISSN)1365-3113/earlyview},
  	 pmid = {},
  	 journal = {Systematic Entomology},
  	 volume = {38},
  	 number = {},
  	 pages = {164--179},
  	 abstract = {Members of the megadiverse insect order Diptera (flies) have successfully colonized all continents and nearly all habitats. There are more than 154 000 described fly species, representing 10?12% of animal species. Elucidating the phylogenetic relationships of such a large component of global biodiversity is challenging, but significant advances have been made in the last few decades. Since Hennig first discussed the monophyly of major groupings, Diptera has attracted much study, but most researchers have used non-numerical qualitative methods to assess morphological data. More recently, quantitative phylogenetic methods have been used on both morphological and molecular data. All previous quantitative morphological studies addressed narrower phylogenetic problems, often below the suborder or infraorder level. Here we present the first numerical analysis of phylogenetic relationships of the entire order using a comprehensive morphological character matrix. We scored 371 external and internal morphological characters from larvae, pupae and adults for 42 species, representing all infraorders selected from 42 families. Almost all characters were obtained from previous studies but required revision for this ordinallevel study, with homology assessed beyond their original formulation and across all infraorders.We found significant support for many major clades (including the Diptera, Culicomorpha, Bibionomorpha, Brachycera, Eremoneura, Cyclorrhapha, Schizophora, Calyptratae and Oestroidea) and we summarize the character evidence for these groups. We found low levels of support for relationships between the infraorders of lower Diptera, lower Brachycera and major lineages of lower Cyclorrhapha, and this is consistent with findings from molecular studies. These poorly supported areas of the tree may be due to periods of rapid radiation that left few synapomorphies in surviving lineages. }
  }
  		

• Show RIS reference

  		TY  - JOUR
  ID  - 21338
  AU  - Lambkin,Christine 
  AU  - Sinclair,Bradley 
  AU  - Pape,Thomas 
  AU  - Courtney,Gregory W
  AU  - Skevington,Jeffrey H. 
  AU  - Meier,Rudolf 
  AU  - Yeates,David K. 
  AU  - Blagoderov,Vladimir 
  AU  - Wiegmann,Brian Michael
  T1  - The phylogenetic relationships among infraorders and superfamilies of Diptera based on morphological evidence
  PY  - 2013
  KW  - morphology
  KW  - flies
  UR  - http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/journal/10.1111/(ISSN)1365-3113/earlyview
  N2  - Members of the megadiverse insect order Diptera (flies) have successfully colonized all continents and nearly all habitats. There are more than 154 000 described fly species, representing 10?12% of animal species. Elucidating the phylogenetic relationships of such a large component of global biodiversity is challenging, but significant advances have been made in the last few decades. Since Hennig first discussed the monophyly of major groupings, Diptera has attracted much study, but most researchers have used non-numerical qualitative methods to assess morphological data. More recently, quantitative phylogenetic methods have been used on both morphological and molecular data. All previous quantitative morphological studies addressed narrower phylogenetic problems, often below the suborder or infraorder level. Here we present the first numerical analysis of phylogenetic relationships of the entire order using a comprehensive morphological character matrix. We scored 371 external and internal morphological characters from larvae, pupae and adults for 42 species, representing all infraorders selected from 42 families. Almost all characters were obtained from previous studies but required revision for this ordinallevel study, with homology assessed beyond their original formulation and across all infraorders.We found significant support for many major clades (including the Diptera, Culicomorpha, Bibionomorpha, Brachycera, Eremoneura, Cyclorrhapha, Schizophora, Calyptratae and Oestroidea) and we summarize the character evidence for these groups. We found low levels of support for relationships between the infraorders of lower Diptera, lower Brachycera and major lineages of lower Cyclorrhapha, and this is consistent with findings from molecular studies. These poorly supported areas of the tree may be due to periods of rapid radiation that left few synapomorphies in surviving lineages. 
  L3  - 10.1111/j.1365-3113.2012.00652.x
  JF  - Systematic Entomology
  VL  - 38
  IS  - 
  SP  - 164
  EP  - 179
  ER  -