@ARTICLE{TreeBASE2Ref20803,
author = {Daniel T. Ksepka and R. Ewan Fordyce and Yuho Ando and Craig M. Jones},
title = {New fossil penguins (Aves, Sphenisciformes) from the Oligocene of New Zealand reveal the skeletal plan of stem penguins},
year = {2012},
keywords = {},
doi = {10.1080/02724634.2012.652051},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.5061/dryad.93j174jd},
pmid = {},
journal = {Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology},
volume = {32},
number = {2},
pages = {235--254},
abstract = {Three skeletons collected from the late Oligocene Kokoamu Greensand of New Zealand are among themost complete Paleogene penguins known. These specimens, described here as Kairuku waitaki, gen. et sp. nov., and Kairuku grebneffi, sp. nov., reveal new details of key elements of the stem penguin skeleton associated with underwater flight, including the sternum, flipper, and pygostyle. Relative proportions of the trunk, flippers, and hind limbs can now be determined from a single individual for the first time, offering insight into the body plan of stem penguins and improved constraints on size estimates for ?giant? taxa. Kairuku is characterized by an elongate, narrow sternum, a short and flared coracoid, an elongate narrow flipper, and a robust hind limb. The pygostyle of Kairuku lacks the derived triangular cross-section seen in extant penguins, suggesting that the rectrices attached in amore typical avian pattern and the tail may have lacked the propping function utilized by living penguins. Newmaterials described here, along with re-study of previously described specimens, resolve several long-standing phylogenetic, biogeographic, and taxonomic issues stemming from the inadequate comparativematerial of several of the first-named fossil penguin species. An array of partial associated skeletons from the Eocene?Oligocene of New Zealand historically referred to Palaeeudyptes antarcticus or Palaeeudyptes sp. are recognized as at least five distinct species: Palaeeudyptes antarcticus, Palaeeudyptes marplesi, Kairuku waitaki, Kairuku grebneffi, and an unnamed Burnside Formation species.}
}
Taxa for tree 53559 of Study 12832
Citation title:
"New fossil penguins (Aves, Sphenisciformes) from the Oligocene of New Zealand reveal the skeletal plan of stem penguins".
Study name:
"New fossil penguins (Aves, Sphenisciformes) from the Oligocene of New Zealand reveal the skeletal plan of stem penguins".
This study is part of submission 12832
(Status: Published).
Taxa
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ID |
Taxon Label |
NCBI taxid |
uBIO namebankID |
815830 |
Anthropornis grandis |
|
5627163
|
815854 |
Anthropornis nordenskjoeldi |
|
5627165
|
815852 |
Anthropornis sp. UCMP 321023 |
|
|
815858 |
Aptenodytes forsteri |
9233
|
3851880
|
815829 |
Aptenodytes patagonicus |
9234
|
3851879
|
815842 |
Archaeospheniscus lowei |
|
|
815870 |
Archaeospheniscus lopdelli |
|
|
815863 |
Burnside "Palaeudyptes" |
|
|
815818 |
Daption capense |
37055
|
3851906
|
815844 |
Delphinornis arctowskii |
|
5627170
|
815828 |
Delphinornis gracilis |
|
5627171
|
815857 |
Delphinornis larseni |
|
5627172
|
815840 |
Delphinornis wimani |
|
|
815859 |
Diomedea exulans |
46550
|
3851983
|
815850 |
Duntroonornis parvus |
|
|
815861 |
Eretiscus tonnii |
|
5450951
|
815845 |
Eudyptes chrysocome |
79626
|
3851884
|
815831 |
Eudyptes chrysolophus |
79627
|
3851888
|
815810 |
Eudyptes filholi |
|
|
815874 |
Eudyptes moseleyi |
|
|
815806 |
Eudyptes pachyrhynchus |
37080
|
3851885
|
815812 |
Eudyptes robustus |
345251
|
3851886
|
815864 |
Eudyptes schlegeli |
57240
|
3851889
|
815835 |
Eudyptes sclateri |
92688
|
3851887
|
815848 |
Eudyptula minor |
37083
|
3851891
|
815826 |
Gavia immer |
37039
|
3851899
|
815820 |
Gavia stellata |
37040
|
3851896
|
815809 |
Icadyptes salasi |
|
|
815871 |
Inkayacu paracasensis |
|
|
815860 |
Kairuku grebneffi |
|
|
815843 |
Kairuku waitaki |
|
|
815808 |
Macronectes giganteus |
37057
|
3851901
|
815821 |
Madrynornis mirandus |
|
|
815832 |
Marambiornis exilis |
|
5627175
|
815849 |
Marplesornis novaezealandiae |
|
|
815841 |
Megadyptes antipodes |
37085
|
3851890
|
815853 |
Mesetaornis polaris |
|
5627161
|
815815 |
Oceanites oceanicus |
79653
|
3851990
|
815827 |
Oceanodroma leucorhoa |
52124
|
3852001
|
815855 |
Pachydyptes ponderosus |
|
|
815872 |
Pachyptila desolata |
79635
|
3851941
|
815846 |
Palaeeudyptes antarcticus |
|
|
815834 |
Palaeeudyptes gunnari |
|
5627178
|
815869 |
Palaeeudyptes klekowskii |
|
6545858
|
815836 |
Palaeospheniscus bergi |
|
6990479
|
815813 |
Palaeospheniscus biloculata |
|
|
815807 |
Palaeospheniscus patagonicus |
|
|
815837 |
Paraptenodytes antarcticus |
|
5508060
|
815866 |
Pelecanoides urinatrix |
37079
|
3851975
|
815873 |
Perudyptes devriesi |
|
|
815805 |
Phoebastria immutabilis |
54020
|
3851986
|
815865 |
Phoebetria palpebrata |
46545
|
3851981
|
815814 |
Platydyptes marplesi |
|
|
815816 |
Platydyptes novaezealandiae |
|
|
815817 |
Procellaria cinerea |
46542
|
3851950
|
815811 |
Pterodroma brevirostris |
37064
|
12240
|
815868 |
Puffinus gravis |
37051
|
3851957
|
815875 |
Pygoscelis adeliae |
9238
|
3851882
|
815856 |
Pygoscelis antarctica |
79643
|
3851883
|
815833 |
Pygoscelis grandis |
|
|
815822 |
Pygoscelis papua |
30457
|
3851881
|
815839 |
Spheniscus demersus |
92683
|
3851892
|
815824 |
Spheniscus humboldti |
9240
|
3851893
|
815838 |
Spheniscus magellanicus |
37081
|
3851894
|
815825 |
Spheniscus megaramphus |
|
|
815847 |
Spheniscus mendiculus |
156760
|
3851895
|
815819 |
Spheniscus muizoni |
|
|
815867 |
Spheniscus urbinai |
|
5626701
|
815851 |
Thalassarche melanophrys |
54026
|
1761603
|
815823 |
Waimanu manneringi |
|
|
815862 |
Waimanu tuatahi |
|
|