@ARTICLE{TreeBASE2Ref18826, author = {Tatiana A Feodorova and Elena V. Voznesenskaya and Gerald Edwards and Eric H Roalson}, title = {Biogeographic patterns of diversification and the origins of C4 in Cleome (Cleomaceae).}, year = {2010}, keywords = {}, doi = {}, url = {http://}, pmid = {}, journal = {Systematic Botany}, volume = {}, number = {}, pages = {}, abstract = {Photosynthetic pathway innovations have had a large impact on patterns of diversification of angiosperm lineages and the biogeographic distribution of ecological assemblages. C4 photosynthesis has been one of the most studied processes in plants with respect to function, structure, occurrence and response to climatic conditions. One of the most promising areas of research of C4 photosynthesis is in the Cleomaceae, where C4 photosynthesis has been derived at least once. Here we reconstruct the phylogenetic origins of the C4 pathway in the Cleomaceae using maximum parsimony, maximum likelihood, and Bayesian inference approaches. As has been found previously, commonly recognized genera including Buhsia, Cleomella, Dactylaena, Gynandropsis, Isomeris, Oxystylis, Podandrogyne, Polanisia, and Wizlizenia which are derived from within a paraphyletic Cleome. The phylogenetic results presented here suggest that there are likely at least five separate origins of carbon concentrating mechanisms in the Cleomaceae, including at least three separate origins of C4 species. Analyses of historical biogeography suggest Cleomaceae originated in central Asia.} }

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