@ARTICLE{TreeBASE2Ref18975, author = {Sahadevan Seena and Cl?udia Pascoal and Ludmila Marvanov? and Fernanda C?ssio}, title = {DNA barcoding of fungi: a case study using ITS sequences for identifying aquatic hyphomycete species }, year = {2010}, keywords = {ITS sequences, Barcoding, Aquatic hyphomycetes}, doi = {}, url = {http://}, pmid = {}, journal = {Fungal Diversity}, volume = {}, number = {}, pages = {}, abstract = {Aquatic hyphomycetes are a polyphyletic group of fungi that play a crucial role in organic matter turnover in streams. They have been traditionally identified based on the morphology of conidia collected in stream water or obtained from leaves colonized in nature through aeration methods in laboratory. Therefore, species identification may be limited by our ability to induce conidium production and to establish pure cultures. Conidial shapes are believed to be the result of convergent evolution (Ingold 1975), so similar conidia may be produced by different conidiogenesis processes and neglecting this may lead to erroneous identification. Currently, a great effort in fungal taxonomy is being made at introducing a set of criteria based on comparisons of selected nucleotide sequences instead of or in addition to phenotypic characters. We examined the suitability of whole ITS region or its subregions to identify aquatic hyphomycetes, by sequencing and comparing these regions in 94 fungal isolates belonging to 19 species collected in Portuguese streams with different environmental conditions during 8 years. The ITS1, ITS2 and ITS1-5.8S-ITS2 sequences of the Portuguese isolates of aquatic hyphomycetes and those from the GenBank exhibited taxonomic cohesiveness, all the isolates grouped with their respective species but all the Tricladium species did not group within the Tricladium genus. Cohesiveness was not observed between isolates with respect to location, condition of stream or date of collection. Evolutionary divergences (ITS1-5.8S-ITS2 sequences; Kimura 2-parameter distance) between con-specific isolates were shallow and a deep divergence between species was generally observed. The phylogenetic trees based on ITS1 or ITS2 sequences had lower statistical support for many internal nodes, so we propose mainly the use of entire ITS1-5.8S-ITS2 as barcodes for identifying species of aquatic hyphomycetes. } }

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