@ARTICLE{TreeBASE2Ref19057, author = {Kenneth J. Wurdack and Charles C. Davis}, title = {Malpighiales phylogenetics: Gaining ground on one of the most recalcitrant clades in the angiosperm tree of life.}, year = {2009}, keywords = {Centroplacaceae; classification; low-copy nuclear gene; Malpighiales; multigene analyses; Peridiscaceae; Rafflesiaceae; rapid radiation.}, doi = {10.3732/ajb.0800207}, url = {http://}, pmid = {}, journal = {American Journal of Botany}, volume = {96}, number = {8}, pages = {1551--1570}, abstract = {The eudicot order Malpighiales contains ~16 000 species and is the most poorly resolved large rosid clade. To clarify phyloge- netic relationships in the order, we used maximum likelihood, Bayesian, and parsimony analyses of DNA sequence data from 13 gene regions, totaling 15604 bp, and representing all three genomic compartments (i.e., plastid: atpB, matK, ndhF, and rbcL; mitochondrial: ccmB, cob, matR, nad1B-C, nad6, and rps3; and nuclear: 18S rDNA, PHYC, and newly developed low-copy EMB2765). Our sampling of 190 taxa includes representatives from all families of Malpighiales. These data provide greatly in- creased support for the recent additions of Aneulophus, Bhesa, Centroplacus, Ploiarium, and Rafflesiaceae to Malpighiales; sister relations of Phyllanthaceae + Picrodendraceae, monophyly of Hypericaceae, and polyphyly of Clusiaceae. Oxalidales + Huaceae, followed by Celastrales are successive sisters to Malpighiales. Parasitic Rafflesiaceae, which produce the world?s largest flowers, are confirmed as embedded within a paraphyletic Euphorbiaceae. Novel findings show a well-supported placement of Ctenolopho- naceae with Erythroxylaceae + Rhizophoraceae, sister-group relationships of Bhesa + Centroplacus, and the exclusion of Medu- sandra from Malpighiales. New taxonomic circumscriptions include the addition of Bhesa to Centroplacaceae, Medusandra to Peridiscaceae (Saxifragales), Calophyllaceae applied to Clusiaceae subfamily Kielmeyeroideae, Peraceae applied to Euphorbi- aceae subfamily Peroideae, and Huaceae included in Oxalidales.} }

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