@ARTICLE{TreeBASE2Ref19631, author = {xianling xiang}, title = {Genetic differentiation and phylogeographical structure of the Brachionus calyciflorus complex in eastern China}, year = {2011}, keywords = {phylogeography; spatio-temporal pattern; rotifer; Brachionus calyciflorus; cryptic species; species complex}, doi = {}, url = {http://}, pmid = {}, journal = {Molecular Ecology}, volume = {}, number = {}, pages = {}, abstract = {Spatio-temporal patterns and processes of genetic differentiation in passively dispersing zooplankton are drawing much attention from both ecologists and evolutionary biologists. Two opposite phylogeographical scenarios have already been demonstrated in rotifers, which consist of high levels of genetic subdivision among populations even on small geographical scales on the one hand, and the traditionally known cosmopolitanism that is associated with high levels of gene flow and long-distance dispersal via diapausing stages on the other hand. In the present study, we analyzed the phylogeographical pattern and population genetic structure of the Brachionus calyciflorus species complex in eastern China. By screening a total of 318 individuals from ten locations along a 2320 km gradient and analyzing samples from two growing seasons, we aimed at focusing on both small- and large-scale patterns. We identified eight cryptic species, and verified species status of two of these by cross-mating tests. Samples in summer and winter yielded different cryptic species. The distribution patterns of these genetically distinct cryptic species were diverse across eastern China, from full cosmopolitanism to local endemism. The two most abundant cryptic species BcWIII and BcSW both showed a pattern of strong genetic differentiation among populations and no significant isolation-by-distance. Recent range expansion, long-distance colonization and secondary contact are probably responsible for the indistinct pattern of isolation-by-distance. Our results indicate that geographical distance is more important than temporal segregation across seasons in explaining population differentiation and the occurrence of cryptic species. We explain the current phylogeographical structure in the B. calyciflorus species complex by a combination of population range expansion, long-distance colonization, priority effects and restricted gene flow.} }

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