@ARTICLE{TreeBASE2Ref19962, author = {Fabian Runge and Sabine Telle and Sebastian Ploch and Elizabeth Savory and Brad Day and Rahul Sharma and Marco Thines}, title = {The inclusion of downy mildews in a multi-locus-dataset and its reanalysis reveals a high degree of paraphyly in Phytophthora}, year = {2011}, keywords = {AU test, downy mildews, multigene phylogeny, Peronosporaceae, Phytophthora, taxonomy}, doi = {10.5598/imafungus.2011.02.02.07}, url = {http://www.imafungus.org/Issue/4/17.pdf}, pmid = {}, journal = {IMA Fungus}, volume = {2}, number = {2}, pages = {163--171}, abstract = {Pathogens belonging to the Oomycota, a group of heterokont, fungal-like organisms, are amongst the most notorious pathogens in agriculture. Especially the obligate biotrophic downy mildews and the hemibiotrophic members of the genus Phytophthora are responsible for a huge variety of destructive diseases, like sudden oak death caused by Phytophthora ramorum, potato late blight caused by Phytophthora infestans, and grape downy mildew caused by Plasmopara viticola. About 800 species of downy mildews and roughly 150 species of Phytophthora have been described so far, and recent studies have revealed that these groups are closely related. However, the degree to which Phytophthora is paraphyletic and where exactly the downy mildews insert into this genus, could not be ascertained to date. Here we present a molecular phylogeny encompassing all clades of Phytophthora and two representatives of the downy mildews from divergent genera. Our results demonstrate that Phytophthora is six times paraphyletic with respect to the downy mildews. The downy mildews are constantly nested within clade 4 (contains Phytophthora palmivora), which is placed sister to clade 1 (contains Phytophthora infestans). These finding would either necessitate adopting the oldest generic name; Peronospora for all downy mildews species of Phytophthora, or the description of at least six new genera within Phytophthora. The complications of both options are discussed, and the authors come to the conclusion that the latter is preferable, as it warrants fewer name changes and is more practicable.} }

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