@ARTICLE{TreeBASE2Ref20089, author = {Sandra S. Aliscioni and Hester L. Bell and Guillaume Besnard and Pascal-Antoine Christin and J. Travis Columbus and Melvin R Duvall and Erika J. Edwards and Liliana M. Giussani and Kristen Elizabeth Hasenstab-Lehman and Khidir W. Hilu and Trevor R. Hodkinson and Amanda L. Ingram and Elizabeth A. Kellogg and Saeideh Mashayekhi and Osvaldo Morrone and Colin P. Osborne and Nicolas Salamin and Hanno Schaefer and Elizabeth Spriggs and Stephen A Smith and Fernando O. Zuloaga}, title = {New grass phylogeny resolves deep evolutionary relationships and discovers C4 origins}, year = {2011}, keywords = {grasses, Poaceae, C4 photosynthesis}, doi = {}, url = {http://}, pmid = {}, journal = {New Phytologist}, volume = {}, number = {}, pages = {}, abstract = {The grass family (Poaceae) includes over 11,000 recognized species with a cosmopolitan, global distribution and occupies an enormous range of habitats (Clayton & Renvoize, 1986; Osborne et al., 2011). Grasses also include the three most important crops in the world (wheat, maize, rice) and several productive species with great biofuel potential (Byrt et al., 2011). Many grass lineages have evolved C4 photosynthesis, a complex and coordinated set of anatomical and biochemical modifications that act to concentrate CO2 at the site of fixation by Rubisco during the Calvin cycle (Sage, 2004; Edwards et al., 2010). The direct effect of the C4 pathway is to reduce photorespiration and saturate photosynthesis with CO2, which has allowed C4 grasses to colonize open and drier habitats in tropical and subtropical regions (Osborne & Freckleton, 2009; Edwards & Smith, 2010). Extant C4 grass diversity is upwards of 4500 species, and C4 grasses dominate many important ecosystems and contribute 20-25% of terrestrial primary productivity (Still et al., 2003).} }

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