@ARTICLE{TreeBASE2Ref16070, author = {Hiroshi Kawai and Hideaki Sasaki}, title = {Morphology, life history and molecular phylogeny of Stschapovia flagellaris (Tilopteridales, Phaeophyceae)}, year = {2004}, keywords = {}, doi = {}, url = {}, pmid = {}, journal = {Journal of Phycology}, volume = {}, number = {}, pages = {}, abstract = {The phenology, life history, ultrastructure of reproductive structures, and molecular phylogeny using rbcL and rDNA (5.8S, ITS2 and partial 26S) gene sequences of Stschapovia flagellaris , endemic to northwestern Pacific, were studied. This species was first classified in the order Delamareales Zinova together with Delamarea, Coelocladia and Cladothele. Those three genera, however, were later transferred to Dictyosiphonales while the systematic position of Stschapovia remained unclear. At Abashiri, Hokkaido, Japan, the species regenerated by forming a new erect thallus from a perennial crustose holdfast, or by presumably parthenogenetic development of eggs released from the erect thallus. There was no alternation of generations. In winter, the monoecious erect thallus formed reproductive structures (i.e. plurilocular antheridia and oogonia) in the thickened part of the thallus. Sperm had a chloroplast with an eyespot, and a long anterior and short posterior flagellum. Eggs contained numerous disc-shaped chloroplasts, physodes and vacuoles. No sexual attraction of the presumptive sperm by eggs nor their sexual fusion were observed. Molecular phylogenetic analyses revealed the closest phylogenetic relationship between Stschapovia and Halosiphonaceae, and formed a monophyletic clade with Phyllariaceae and Tilopteridales sensu stricto. Stschapovia and Tilopteridaceae have several important morphological similarities: chloroplasts lacking pyrenoids, lack of sexual reproduction despite the release of obvious sperm, occurrence of monoecious gametophytes, and similarity in the early developmental pattern of the erect thallus. In conclusion, we propose the establishment of the new family Stschapoviaceae to accommodate Stschapovia and to place the family in the order Tilopteridales together with Tilopteridaceae, Halosiphonaceae and Phyllariaceae.} }

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