@ARTICLE{TreeBASE2Ref20469, author = {Joshua Mark Birkebak and Jordan R Mayor and Karl Martin Ryberg and Patrick Brandon Matheny}, title = {A systematic, morphological, and ecological overview of the Clavariaceae}, year = {2012}, keywords = {Agaricales, ericoid mycorrhizae, taxonomy}, doi = {}, url = {http://}, pmid = {}, journal = {Mycologia}, volume = {}, number = {}, pages = {}, abstract = {The Clavariaceae is a diverse assemblage of mushroom-forming fungi composed of simple clubs and coralloid, lamellate-stipitate, hydnoid, and resupinate species. However, a broad assessment of systematic relationships within the family has yet to be performed. Here we present a systematic and ecological overview of the Clavariaceae based on phylogenetic analysis of sequences of the nuclear large subunit ribosomal RNA (nLSU). 79 sequences from vouchered herbarium specimens (46 generated here; nine from type specimens) that represent all know generic and subgeneric taxa of the Clavariaceae were merged with 180 environmental sequences from GenBank and analyzed phylogenetically to determine major groupings within the family. Stable isotope ratios of carbon and nitrogen were measured from specimens representing most major phylogenetic lineages to predict trophic strategies within the Clavariaceae. Four major monophyletic groups were recovered. The lamellate-stipitate genus Camarophyllopsis, however, is polyphyletic and nested within a paraphyletic Clavaria. The monotypic genus Clavicorona is nested within Clavaria, and Scytinopogon, a previously suspected member of the Clavariaceae shares phylogenetic affinities with the Trechisporales. Differing classification schemes for the genera Ramariopsis and Clavulinopsis are compared and neither is entirely consistent with the molecular phylogeny. A discussion of morphological characters traditionally used in Clavariaceae taxonomy in light of inferred phylogenetic relationships is presented. Both molecular phylogenetic analysis of environmental sequences and analysis of stable isotope ratios suggest that most non-lignicolous species of Clavariaceae feature a biotrophic mode of nutrition.} }

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