@ARTICLE{TreeBASE2Ref20710, author = {Florent Martos and Fran?ois Munoz and Thierry Pailler and Ingrid Kottke and C?dric Gonneau and Marc-Andr? Selosse}, title = {The role of epiphytism in architecture and evolutionary constraint within mycorrhizal networks of tropical orchids}, year = {2012}, keywords = {Interaction networks; nestedness; modularity; coevolution; phylogenetic bipartite signal; orchid mycorrhizal symbiosis}, doi = {}, url = {http://}, pmid = {}, journal = {Molecular Ecology }, volume = {}, number = {}, pages = {}, abstract = {Characterizing the architecture of bipartite networks is increasingly used as a framework to study biotic interactions within their ecological context, and to assess the extent to which evolutionary constraints shape them. Orchid mycorrhizal symbioses are particularly interesting since they are viewed as more beneficial for plants than for fungi, a situation expected to result in an asymmetry of biological constraints. This study addressed the ecological and evolutionary constraints on these associations in tropical context. We identified a bipartite network including 73 orchid species and 95 taxonomic units of mycorrhizal fungi across the natural habitats of Reunion Island. Unlike some recent evidence for nestedness in mycorrhizal symbioses, we found a highly modular architecture that largely reflected an ecological barrier between epiphytic and terrestrial sub-networks. By testing for phylogenetic signal, the overall signal was stronger for both partners in the epiphytic sub-network. Moreover, in the sub-network of epiphytic angraecoid orchids, the signal in orchid phylogeny was stronger than the signal in fungal phylogeny. Epiphytic associations are therefore more conservative and may coevolve more than terrestrial ones. We suggest that such tighter phylogenetic specialization may have been driven by stressful life conditions in the epiphytic niches. In addition to paralleling recent insights on mycorrhizal networks, this study furthermore provides support for a role of epiphytism in architecture and evolutionary constraint within tropical mycorrhizal networks} }

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