@ARTICLE{TreeBASE2Ref20977, author = {Domingos Ben?cio Oliveira Silva Cardoso and Luciano Paganucci Queiroz and R. Toby Pennington and Haroldo Cavalcante de Lima and Emile Fonty and Martin F. Wojciechowski and Matthew T. Lavin}, title = {Revisiting the phylogeny of papilionoid legumes: New insights from comprehensively sampled early-branching lineages}, year = {2012}, keywords = {chloroplast; Leguminosae; matK; Papilionoideae; phylogenetic systematics; trnL intron}, doi = {}, url = {http://}, pmid = {}, journal = {American Journal of Botany}, volume = {99}, number = {12}, pages = {1991?2013}, abstract = {Premise of study: Elucidating the phylogenetic relationships of the deep nodes of papilionoid legumes (Papilionoideae) is essential to reveal the evolutionary history that underlies the origin and diversification of this economically and ecologically important legume subfamily. The early-branching papilionoids include mostly Neotropical trees traditionally circumscribed in the tribes Swartzieae and Sophoreae. They are more highly diverse in floral morphology than are other clades of Papilionoideae. Previous phylogenetic analyses of the Papilionoideae have not clearly resolved the relationships of the early-branching lineages due to limited sampling. This study attempts to fill the gap by drawing on recent phylogenetic studies and a large number of newly assembled plastid DNA sequences. Methods: Parsimony and Bayesian phylogenetic analyses utilized sequences of the plastid matK gene and trnL intron. We have newly sequenced multiple accessions of 29 genera that had never been sampled in previous matK phylogenies of the Papilionoideae. Our sampling also involved 11 genera never before evaluated in a molecular phylogenetic framework. Key Results: The comprehensively sampled matK phylogeny better resolved the deep- branching relationships and increased support for many clades within Papilionoideae. The potentially earliest-branching papilionoid clade does not include any genus traditionally assigned to Swartzieae. The tribe Dipterygeae is monophyletic with the inclusion of Monopteryx. The genera Aldina and Amphimas represent two of the nine main but as yet unresolved lineages comprising the large 50-kb inversion clade within papilionoids. The quinolizidine-alkaloid-accumulating Genistoid clade is expanded to include a strongly supported subclade containing Ormosia and the previously unplaced Clathrotropis s.s., Panurea, and Spirotropis. Camoensia, which has morphologically anomalous flowers, is the first-branching genus of the core Genistoids. Acosmium s.s. is excluded from the Genistoids and strongly resolved within the Dalbergioid clade. Conclusions: Our results show greater resolution and clade support than previous family-wide studies, and suggest taxonomic realignments of some genera and of numerous tribes of Papilionoideae are necessary. By providing a better resolved phylogeny of the earliest-branching papilionoids, the current study, in combination with other recent evidence, will lead to a more stable phylogenetic classification of the Papilionoideae and illuminate comparative studies on floral evolution, plant-animal interactions, nodulation, and genome structure and dynamics.} }

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