@ARTICLE{TreeBASE2Ref16714, author = {Johan B. Mols and D. L. V. Co and Barbara Gravendeel and L. W. Chatrou and M. D. Pirie and R. W. J. M. v. d. Ham and E. J. v. Marle and P. J. A. Kessler}, title = {Morphological character evolution in the miliusoid clade (Annonaceae)}, year = {2005}, keywords = {}, doi = {}, url = {}, pmid = {}, journal = {International Journal of Plant Sciences}, volume = {}, number = {}, pages = {}, abstract = {Annonaceae are a prominent plant family throughout tropical lowland rainforests, yet their intrafamiliar relationships and morphological evolution are still poorly understood. So far, inferred intergeneric relationships within Annonaceae have been based on morphological characters only. This study tested the phylogenetic significance of a large number of morphological characters with the help of a phylogeny reconstruction based on plastid DNA sequence markers (rbcL gene, trnL intron, trnL-trnF intergenic spacer, and matK gene) and morphology. The combined analyses included 76 predominantly Asian Annonaceae (the miliusoid clade) and four outgroup taxa. The resulting strict consensus tree was well resolved, but generally poorly supported for intergeneric relationships. Partitioned Bremer support analyses and character tracing showed that fruit and seed characters best reflect the relationships found. In general, however, morphological characters used in previous classifications turned out to be unsuitable for identifying intergeneric relationships. The miliusoid clade is differentiated from the outgroup taxa by several pollen characters (shape, ornamentation, and aperture type). Our results have profound implications for the understanding of morphological evolution in Annonaceae and imply that within the miliusoid clade axillary inflorescences evolved from terminal ones at least six times, stamen shape evolved from uvarioid to miliusoid, and spiniform endosperm rumination preceded lamelliform rumination.} }

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