@ARTICLE{TreeBASE2Ref21714, author = {Meiqing Yang and Robin van Velzen and Freek T. Bakker and Ali Ali Sattarian and De-Zhu Li and Ting-Shuang Yi}, title = {Molecular phylogenetics based on cpDNA and character evolution of Cannabaceae}, year = {2013}, keywords = {Cannabaceae, character evolution, classification, phylogeny}, doi = {}, url = {http://}, pmid = {}, journal = {Taxon}, volume = {}, number = {}, pages = {}, abstract = {Cannabaceae includes ten genera that are widely distributed in tropical to temperate regions of the world. Despite the efforts of numerous authors, the inter-generic phylogenetic relationships within this family have been poorly resolved. We conducted a molecular phylogenetic study based on four plastid loci atpB-rbcL, rbcL, rps16 and trnL-F from 36 ingroup taxa representing all ten recognized Cannabaceae genera and six related taxa as outgroups. Results confirmed that Cannabaceae is a monophyletic group, and most genera previously placed in Celtidoideae should be merged with it. All genera were monophyletic except for Trema which was paraphyletic with respect to Parasponia. The Aphananthe clade was sister to all other Cannabaceae, and other genera formed a strongly supported clade further resolved into a Lozanella clade, a Gironniera clade and a trichotomy formed by the remaining genera. Morphological ancestral state reconstructions indicated that four morphological features including seed coat with holes, valvate aestivation, deciduous perianth and intrapetiolar stipules have evolved several times within this family. However, other morphological characters such as dioecy, diporate pollen, opposite leaves and fruit an achene have originated only once and can be used to characterize corresponding clades. } }

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