@ARTICLE{TreeBASE2Ref15728, author = {Karen Hansen and Brian A. Perry and Donald H. Pfister}, title = {Phylogenetic origins of two cleistothecial fungi, Orbicula parietina and Lasiobolidium orbiculoides, within the operculate discomycetes}, year = {2005}, keywords = {}, doi = {}, url = {}, pmid = {}, journal = {Mycologia}, volume = {}, number = {}, pages = {}, abstract = {Parsimony, maximum-likelihood and Bayesian analyses of SSU rDNA sequences of representative taxa of Pezizomycetes, Eurotiomycetes, Dothideomycetes, Leotiomycetes and Sordariomycetes all strongly support the cleistothecial fungi O. parietina and L. orbiculoides to be of pezizalean origin. Orbicula parietina and L. orbiculoides are deeply nested within Pyronemataceae (which subsumes the families Ascodesmidaceae, Glaziellaceae and Otideaceae). Close affinities with cleistothecial or highly reduced fungi now placed in the Thelebolales, Eurotiales or Onygenales are rejected. LSU rDNA sequences suggest that Orbicula is nested within the apothecia-forming genus Pseudombrophila (including Nannfeldtiella and Fimaria). Lasiobolidium orbiculoides is closely related and may be congeneric. Ascodesmis and Lasiobolus, which have been suggested as closely related to Orbicula and Lasiobolidium, are identified as a sister lineage to the Pseudombrophila lineage. Cleistothecial forms that have lost the ascus operculum and ability to actively discharge spores have evolved at least once in the Pseudombrophila lineage. Some species of Pseudombrophila produce subglobular ascomata initials that are closed early in development and open only in the mid-mesohymenial phase. We hypothesize that the origin of an ascomata that never opens from an ascoma that opens late in development could involve a simple genetic change. The placement of O. parietina and L. orbiculoides within Pseudombrophila is supported by morphological characters, ecology and temperature optima for fruiting.} }

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