@ARTICLE{TreeBASE2Ref22138, author = {Paola Fory and Lindsay R Triplett and Carolina Ballen and J Abello and Jorge duitama and Maria Aricapa and Gustavo Prado and Fernando Correa and John Hamilton and jan leach and Joseph Tohme and Gloria Mosquera}, title = {Comparative analysis of two emerging rice seed pathogens}, year = {2013}, keywords = {Burkholderia glumae, Burkholderia gladioli, bacterial panicle blight}, doi = {}, url = {http://}, pmid = {}, journal = {Phytopathology}, volume = {}, number = {}, pages = {}, abstract = {Seed sterility and grain discoloration limit rice production in Colombia and several Central American countries. In samples of discolored rice seed grown in Colombian fields, two rice pathogenic bacterial species were isolated; Burkholderia glumae and B. gladioli, and several of the field isolates were compared phenotypically. An artificial inoculation assay was developed and used to determine that while both bacterial species can colonize and cause symptoms on rice grains, B. glumae causes higher levels of grain sterility than B. gladioli isolates. B. glumae reduced rice yield up to 75%, while B. gladioli did not affect yield. Therefore, while the two species are closely related and inhabit a similar niche, B. glumae is the more aggressive and damaging pathogen of rice. To identify potential sources of virulence differences between B. glumae and B. gladioli, four previously sequenced genomes of Asian and US strains of B. glumae and B. gladioli were compared with each other and with two draft genomes of Colombian B. glumae and B. gladioli isolates generated for this study. While characterized Burkholderia virulence factors involved in toxin and lipase production and quorum sensing are highly conserved between the two species, B. glumae and B. gladioli strains are predicted to encode distinct complements of type VI secretion systems, transcriptional regulators, membrane sensing proteins, and type III secreted effectors. These findings show that both B. glumae and B. gladioli can threaten grain quality although only one species affects yield, and identifies differences in the core genetic makeup of the species that could contribute to the phenotypic differences between them. } }

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