@ARTICLE{TreeBASE2Ref22524, author = {ShuaiFei F Chen and Dave Morgan and Janine Hasey and Kathleen Anderson and Themis J Michailides}, title = {Phylogeny, morphology, distribution, and pathogenicity of Botryosphaeriaceae and Diaporthaceae from English walnut in California}, year = {2013}, keywords = {}, doi = {}, url = {http://}, pmid = {}, journal = {Plant Disease}, volume = {}, number = {}, pages = {}, abstract = {Species of Botryosphaeriaceae and Diaporthe (anamorph Phomopsis, Diaporthaceae) were reported and caused diseases on various nut/fruit trees in California. In the last several years, diseases on English walnut (Juglans regia) caused by species of Botryosphaeriaceae and Diaporthe were observed frequently in California. Disease symptoms include stem canker, shoot canker and blight, twig, leaf, fruit blight, and necrotic leaf lesions. Isolates of the pathogen were collected from English walnut in 13 counties in California. The aims of this study were to identify these isolates and to test their pathogenicity to English walnut cultivars. A total of 159 Californian isolates were identified based on comparisons of DNA sequence data of the ITS, TEF-1α, and β-tubulin gene regions, and combined with the morphological features of the cultures and conidia. Research results showed that isolates represent 10 species of Botryosphaeriaceae and two species of Diaporthe. These species include Botryosphaeria dothidea, Diplodia mutila, D. seriata, Dothiorella iberica, Lasiodiplodia citricola, Neofusicoccum mediterraneum, N. nonquaesitum, N. parvum, N. vitifusiforme, Neoscytalidium dimidiatum, Diaporthe neotheicola and D. rhusicola. Pathogenicity on three English walnut cultivars, Chandler, Tulare, and Vina, using a mycelium plug inoculation method showed that all these species are pathogenic to all the tested cultivars, with L. citricola, N. parvum being the most pathogenic species, followed by N. mediterraneum, N. dimidiatum, and B. dothidea. The cultivar Chandler was more tolerant to infection than those of cultivars Tulare and Vina. Results in this study determined that multiple number of the Botryosphaeriaceae fungi and two Diaporthe spp. cause cankers and blights of English walnut and they vary in their virulence from highly to slightly virulent, respectively.} }

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