@ARTICLE{TreeBASE2Ref23115, author = {Isabel Aparecida da Silva Bonatelli and Manolo Fernandez Perez and A. Townsend Peterson and Nigel Paul Taylor and Daniela Cristina Zappi and Marlon Camara Machado and Ingrid koch and Adriana Helena Catojo Pires and Evandro Marsola Moraes}, title = {Interglacial microrefugia and diversification of a cactus species complex: phylogeography and paleodistributional reconstructions for Pilosocereus aurisetus and allies}, year = {2014}, keywords = {Neotropical diversification, paleodistribution modeling, microrefugia, campos rupestres, Pilosocereus, Cactaceae}, doi = {}, url = {http://}, pmid = {}, journal = {Molecular Ecology}, volume = {}, number = {}, pages = {}, abstract = {The role of Pleistocene climate changes in promoting evolutionary diversification in global biota is well documented, but the great majority of data regarding this subject come from North America and Europe, which were greatly affected by glaciation. The effects of Pleistocene changes on cold- and/or dry-adapted species in tropical areas where glaciers were not present remain sparsely investigated. Many such species are restricted to small areas surrounded by unfavorable habitats, which may represent potential interglacial microrefugia. Here, we analyzed the phylogeographic structure and diversification history of seven cactus species in the Pilosocereus aurisetus complex that are restricted to rocky areas with high diversity and endemism within the Neotropical savannas of eastern South America. We combined paleodistributional estimates with standard phylogeographic approaches based on two chloroplast DNA regions (trnT-trnL and trnS-trnG), exon 1 of the nuclear gene PhyC, and 10 nuclear microsatellite loci. Our analyses revealed a phylogeographic history marked by multiple levels of distributional fragmentation, isolation leading to allopatric differentiation, and secondary contact among divergent lineages within the complex. Diversification and demographic events appear to have been affected by the Quaternary climatic cycles as a result of isolation in multiple patches of xerophytic vegetation. These small patches currently harboring P. aurisetus populations seem to operate as microrefugia, both at present and during Pleistocene interglacial periods; the role of such microrefugia should be explored and analyzed in greater detail} }

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