@ARTICLE{TreeBASE2Ref23557, author = {Takayuki Aoki and Martha M. Vaughan and Susan P. McCormick and Mark Busman and Todd J. Ward and Amy Kelly and Kerry O'Donnell and Peter Johnston and David M. Geiser}, title = {Fusarium dactylidis sp. nov., a novel nivalenol toxin-producing species sister to F. pseudograminearum isolated from orchard grass (Dactylis glomerata) in Oregon and New Zealand }, year = {2014}, keywords = {cock?s-foot, crown rot, forage, Fusarium head blight, genotyping, morphology, mycotoxins, pathogenicity, phylogenetics, RPB1, RPB2, trichothecene, zearalenone }, doi = {}, url = {http://}, pmid = {}, journal = {Mycologia}, volume = {}, number = {}, pages = {}, abstract = {In addition to including the etiological agents of Fusarium head blight (FHB) and crown rot of wheat and barley, and stem and ear rot of maize, members of the B trichothecene toxin-producing clade (hereafter B clade) of Fusarium have been recovered from several wild and cultivated grasses, including Dactylis glomerata (orchard grass or cock?s-foot) in Oregon and New Zealand, one of the world?s most important forage grasses. Prior molecular phylogenetic analyses resolved the two orchard grass isolates as a genealogically exclusive sister of F. pseudograminearum; these two species formed the earliest diverging lineage within the B clade of Fusarium. The present study was conducted to formally describe the novel B clade species from orchard grass as F. dactylidis based on phenotypic and molecular phylogenetic data. Phenotypically F. dactylidis most closely resembled F. ussurianum from the Russian Far East in that both produce symmetrical sporodochial conidia that overlapped in length and width and curved towards both ends. However, these two species can be distinguished by production of sporodochial conidia that typically end in a narrow apical beak in F. ussurianum and an acute apical cell in F. dactylidis. Consistent with the results of a multilocus genotyping (MLGT) assay for trichothecene chemotype prediction, F. dactylidis produced nivalenol mycotoxins in liquid culture, on solid cultures of rice and cracked corn, and in planta. In addition, the two isolates of F. dactylidis tested produced low but detectable amounts of the estrogenic mycotoxin zearalenone on rice. Results of a pathogenicity experiment revealed that F. dactylidis could induce mild head blight on spring wheat cultivar Norm. } }

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