@ARTICLE{TreeBASE2Ref25122, author = {Leonardo Delgado-Cerrone and Pedro Mondino-Hintz and Sandra Alaniz-Ferro}, title = {Botryosphareaciae species associated with stem canker, die-back and fruit rot on apple in Uruguay}, year = {2015}, keywords = {Botryosphaeria, Diplodia, Neofusicoccum, Lasiodiplodia, Malus }, doi = {}, url = {http://}, pmid = {}, journal = {European Journal of Plant Pathology}, volume = {}, number = {}, pages = {}, abstract = {Botryosphaeriaceae species are known as pathogens of apple and many other woody hosts worldwide. In this study, 34 apple orchards belonging 22 farmers located in the south of Uruguay, the main apple production region, were survey. Stem canker, die-back and fruit rot were consistently observed, but the most serious damage is due to the presence of cankers. When the main trunk is affected the trees die quickly, especially when are young. From the 91 Botryosphaeriaceae isolates obtained, eight species belonging the genus Botryosphaeria, Diplodia, Neofusicoccum and Lasiodiplodia were identified by means of phylogenetic analysis of the ITS region and the TEF-1? gene and phenotypical characterizations. The predominant species was Botryosphaeria dothidea and the second most important Diplodia seriata, the other species found were D. intermedia, D. pseudoseriata, Neofusicoccum parvum, N. luteum, N. australe and Lasiodiplodia theobromae. D. pseudoseriata and L. theobromae are associated with apple for first time. Most of the eight species were isolated from both the stem and the fruit and were found distributed throughout the apple producing region survey. Isolates of the eight species were able to cause typical symptoms in stems and fruits of apple inoculated, but the most severe symptoms were caused by L. theobromae, N. parvum and N. luteum.} }

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