@ARTICLE{TreeBASE2Ref25221, author = {Eric C. Otto and Robert A Blanchette and Benjamin W Held and Charles Wesley Barnes}, title = {Ganoderma wiiroense}, year = {2015}, keywords = {Ganoderma, new species, Ghana}, doi = {10.3767/003158515X690269}, url = {http://www.ingentaconnect.com/content/nhn/pimj}, pmid = {}, journal = {Persoonia}, volume = {35}, number = {}, pages = {264?327}, abstract = {Etymology. Named after the village of Wiiro where the fungus was found in the Sissala West District of the Upper West Region of Ghana. Mature basidiomata annual, pileate, sessile, dimidiate, applantate, woody to corky when dried, not completely homogeneous context structure, zonate, pileus surface hard and glabrous, yellowish-brown to dark reddish-brown when dry, margin rounded, thickened, yellowish-brown to dark reddish-brown when dry. Pore surface smooth, white to creamy-yellow when dry, pores 3-5 mm, round to somewhat irregular and slightly elongated, 122-292 x 80-240 µm (avg. 206.1 x 154.9), dissepiments 47-182 µm wide (avg. 83.1); tubes 0.1-1 mm long, brown. Hyphal system trimitic, generative hyphae slighlty inconspicuous, hyaline, thin-walled 2-4 µm diam., branched, clamped and hyaline; skeletal hyphae occasionally branched, pale to dark brown, 2.5-7.5 µm thick; binding and skeleton-binding hyphae hyaline, highly branched, tapering towards the end. Basidia not observed. Basidiospores ellipsoid to cylindric-ellipsoid with a truncate base, bitunicate, verruculose, 10-13.5 x 6-8 µm (avg. 11.8 x 7.1 µm), perisporium thin, smooth, exosporium with intermediate thick inter-walled pillars, endosporium thick, brown. Chlamydospores not observed. Culture characteristics ? Colonies on 2% MEA, showing optimum growth at 30 °C exceeding 40 mm in the dark in 7 d, followed by 35 mm at 35 °C, 33 mm at 25 °C, 20 mm at 20 °C; mycelial mats circular with entire edge, flat, white above and slight creaminess reverse at all temperatures, woolly to felty, superficial mycelium with medium density. Typus. GHANA, Upper West Region, Sissala West District, Wiiro, on angiosperms, August 2015, Wibonto Balabe Alex & Babilwie Basakin Hamidu, (holotype MIN 938704, paratype MIN 938705, cultures ex-type XXXXX = CBS XXXXX, holotype ITS sequence GenBank KT952363 and LSU sequence GenBank KT952364, paratype ITS sequence GenBank KT952361 and LSU sequence GenBank KT952362, holotype MycoBank MB814840). Notes ? Ganoderma wiiroense causes decay in the roots and trunks of angiosperm trees in the Upper West Region of Ghana in the village of Wiiro (a Sissali name). For Blastn ITS sequence comparisons, 530 bases were used from the G. wiiroense holotype sequence, starting at ITS1, after the CATTA motif (Schoch et al. 2014). The Blastn results gave the highest score to an isolate Ganoderma lucidum (TVK1) submitted in 2009 by the Centre for Advanced Studies in Botany, University of Madra, Tamil Nadu, India, with three identity differences. A second sequence from a collection in Senegal (SIC-2014d) has two identity differences, but was 38 bases shorter at the 3? end than the holotype. Subsequently, two representative sequences of the next highest seven Blastn scores were downloaded for phylogenetic analysis. The sequence alignment was edited by hand to limit differences between sequences. The final alignment, ITS1-5.8S-ITS2, was trimmed at the 3? end following other ITS2 annotations from GenBank and being as conservative as possible to not lose any variable bases. Two additional DNA samples of G. wiiroense, along with the top two Blastn hits, showed two heterozygous sites in the alignment, thus forming two groups (Fig. 1). The next closest species to G. wiiroense is G. destructans, with 30-33 nucleotide and gap differences. Eighty to ninety percent of the sequence variability occurs in ITS1. } }

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