@ARTICLE{TreeBASE2Ref26746, author = {Tatsiana Shymanovich and Nikki D Charlton and Stanley H Faeth and Carolyn A Young}, title = {Interspecific and intraspecific hybrid Epichlo? species symbiotic with the North American native grass Poa alsodes.}, year = {2017}, keywords = {alkaloid genotype, Epichlo? alsodes, Epichlo? schardlii var. pennsylvanica, latitudinal transect, N-acetylnorloline, peramine}, doi = {}, url = {http://}, pmid = {}, journal = {Mycologia}, volume = {}, number = {}, pages = {}, abstract = {The endophyte presence and diversity in natural populations of Poa alsodes was evaluated along a latitudinal transect from the southern distribution range in North Carolina to New York. Two distinct Epichlo? hybrid taxa were identified from 23 populations. Each taxon could easily be distinguished by PCR genotyping with primers designed to mating type genes and alkaloid biosynthesis genes that encode key pathway steps for ergot alkaloids, indole-diterpenes, lolines and peramine. The most commonly found Epichlo? taxon, Poa alsodes Taxonomic Group-1 (PalTG-1), was detected in 22 populations at high infection frequencies (72-100%), with the exception of one population at high elevation (26% infection). The second taxon, PalTG-2, was observed only in five populations in Pennsylvania comprising 12% of infected samples. Phylogenetic analyses placed PalTG-1 as an interspecific hybrid of E. amarillans and E. typhina subsp. poae ancestors and is considered a new hybrid species we name Epichlo? alsodes. PalTG-2 is an intraspecific hybrid of two E. typhina subsp. poae ancestors, similar to E. schardlii from the host Cinna arundinacea, which we propose as a new variety Epichlo? schardlii var. pennsylvanica. Epichlo? alsodes isolates were all mating type MTA MTB and tested positive for dmaW, easC, perA, and some LOL genes but only the alkaloid N-acetylnorloline was detected in E. alsodes-infected plant material. Epichlo? schardlii var. pennsylvanica isolates were all mating type MTB MTB and tested positive for perA, but peramine was not produced. Both E. alsodes and E. schardlii var. pennsylvanica appeared to have complete perA genes, but point mutations were identified in E. alsodes that would render the encoded perA gene nonfunctional. } }

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