@ARTICLE{TreeBASE2Ref2169, author = {Lorenzo Cecchi and Andrea Coppi and Federico Selvi}, title = {Phylogeny, karyotype evolution and taxonomy of Cerinthe (Boraginaceae).}, year = {2009}, keywords = {}, doi = {}, url = {}, pmid = {}, journal = {Taxon}, volume = {}, number = {}, pages = {}, abstract = {A phylogenetic and karyological analysis of the small but poorly known genus Cerinthe L. (Boraginaceae-Lithospermeae) was performed using ITS sequences and standard chromosomal techniques. All taxa are diploid with 2n = 16 or 2n = 18 and show a variable degree of infraspecific variation, in particular in the polymorphic groups of C. major and C. minor. The base x = 8 is only found in the C. major group, while x = 9 occurs in the other five species of the genus, C. minor, C. alpina, C. tenuiflora, C. retorta and C. palaestina. Change in base number is associated to a key evolutionary event, i.e. the early split between the two well supported clades of C. major, corresponding to subgenus Cerinthe, and that of all other taxa mentioned above, which should be included in subgenus Ceranthe. The latter is subdivided into the SE Mediterranean, annual lineage of C. palaestina-C. retorta and the mainly continental, perennial group of C. minor- C. alpina, the sister of which is the Corsican endemic C. tenuiflora. The base x = 9 and the low intrachromosmal asymmetry of this species is assumed as the plesiomorphic karyological condition in Cerinthe, while descending aneuploidy connected with the shortening of the life-cycle may have been the driving force for the origin of x = 8 in the terophytic taxa of subgenus Cerinthe. A taxonomic revision of the genus with selected synonymy, types, diagnostic morphological characters, original iconographies, distribution maps and explanatory notes concerning nomenclatural aspects is finally given. Three subspecies are recognised in the two polymorphic species C. major and C. minor, while C. tenuiflora, C. retorta and the poorly known C. palaestina are well defined taxa with little internal variation.} }

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