@ARTICLE{TreeBASE2Ref29069, author = {Xue-Wei Wang and Isabelle Benoit and Johannes (Ewald) Zacharias Groenewald and Jos Houbraken and Xin Dai and Mao Peng and Xu Yang and Cheng Gao and Liang-Dong Guo}, title = {Community dynamics of Neocallimastigomycetes in the rumen of yak feeding wheat straw}, year = {2019}, keywords = {Neocallimastigomycetes; population diversity; temporal community dynamics; biomass; Yak rumen}, doi = {}, url = {http://doi.org/10.1016/j.funeco.2019.03.007}, pmid = {}, journal = {Fungal Ecology}, volume = {41}, number = {1}, pages = {34--44}, abstract = {Anaerobic fungi (Neocallimastigomycota) play an important role in fermenting lignin-rich plant biomass into sugars in the rumen of animals, representing a greatly promising enzyme resource to contribute to the conversion of plant biomass into biofuels. However, current studies about their functions mainly focus on limited species, and little is noticed about the coordination of different members of the anaerobic fungi in the digestion process of plant fibres. In this study, the community composition of anaerobic fungi in the rumens of yaks at five different time points (1, 3, 5, 7.5 and 24 h after feeding wheat straw) was investigated on the basis of a cultivation-independent method using ITS clone libraries. Comparison of five pairs of primers show that PCR primer sets could have significant clear amplification bias and therefore potentially affect the interpretation of the resulting fungal community structure, then two primer sets GM1/MNGM2 and ITS1/ITS4 were selected. Among the 398 sequences from 10 clone libraries, 18 operational taxonomic units (OTUs) of Neocallimastigomycota were obtained, covering five known genera and one yet uncultured lineage. OTUs belonging to the bulbous-type lineage morphotype (Caecomyces- or Cyllamyces-related) and the rhizoidal genus Neocallimastix were abundant and predominantly present. During the rumen incubation following feeding, members of the bulbous-type lineage were predominant (62.7 %) in the sample taken one hour after feeding, when compared with the genus Neocallimastix (19.3 %). In all the later samples taken from 3h to 24h after feeding, a relatively stable community composition was revealed: members of Neocallimastix increased to represent 43.4 - 49.4 % and the bulbous-type lineage decreased to represent 39.5 - 42.7 %. This implies a substantial turnover and synergy between bulbous and rhizoidal types of anaerobic fungi during the process of fibre digestion. Our study provided the first insight into the in vivo temporal change of anaerobic fungal community and the essential role of Neocallimastigomycota with a bulbous morphoype in the degradation of plant cell wall in the yak rumen. } }

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