@ARTICLE{TreeBASE2Ref30280, author = {Eric de Camargo Smidt and Gerardo A Salazar and Anna Victoria Silv?rio R. Mauad and Mathias Erich Engels and JUAN Viruel and Mark Clements and Iv?n Jim?nez P?rez and Mark W Chase}, title = {An Indomalesian origin in the Miocene for the diphyletic New World jewel orchids (Goodyerinae, Orchidoideae): molecular dating and biogeographic analyses document non-monophyly of the Neotropical genera.}, year = {2021}, keywords = {Atlantic Forest ? biogeography? Meliorchis ? nrITS ? Neotropical flora ? matK? orchid molecular phylogenetics}, doi = {10.1093/botlinnean/boab028}, url = {http://}, pmid = {}, journal = {Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society}, volume = {197}, number = {3}, pages = {322--349}, abstract = {The jewel orchids (Goodyerinae), named for their often colourful leaves, have a pantropical distribution with a clear Asian centre of diversity. However, the Americas (including the Nearctic and Neotropics) still have one-third of the species. Previously, only a few American samples have been included in phylogenetic studies, and their putatively Asian origins and American divergence times are unknown. To elucidate these topics, we inferred phylogenetic trees using nuclear ribosomal ITS and plastid matK sequences for 34 species of Goodyerinae from the New World and 76 previously published accessions of Cranichideae. We performed molecular dating and biogeographical analyses. Our well-supported phylogenetic topology suggests two independent dispersal events to the New World from the Indomalesian region during the Miocene. The first inferred dispersal of a Neotropical clade diverged ~11 Ma from their most recent common ancestor (MRCA) and comprised three highly supported subclades that do not match the limits of the genera Aspidogyne, Kreodanthus, and Microchilus as previously circumscribed. The second dispersal involved a largely Nearctic clade of Goodyera s.l. diverging ~8.4 Ma from the MRCA and exhibiting a complex biogeographic history with subsequent dispersals between the Nearctic and Indomalesia. The occurrence of these species in gallery forests putatively prevented vicariance events imposed by the expansion of the Chacoan region as previously detected for epiphytic Orchidaceae. Eighty-nine nomenclatural combinations and three new names in Microchilus are proposed.} }

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