@ARTICLE{TreeBASE2Ref30579, author = {Marcos Faria and Daniela Aguiar Souza and Rogerio Biaggioni Lopes}, title = {Biocontrol of Leptopharsa heveae Drake & Poor (Hemiptera: Tingidae) in Brazilian rubber tree plantations: A brief historical account and identification of entomopathogenic fungi by means of multigene phylogeny}, year = {2020}, keywords = {Biocontrol, Cordyceps, Isaria, Leptopharsa, Simplicillium, Sporothrix }, doi = {}, url = {http://}, pmid = {}, journal = {Journal of Invertebrate Pathology}, volume = {}, number = {}, pages = {}, abstract = {Over the last decades, a few fungal species have been mentioned in the literature as being associated with the rubber tree lacewing, Leptopharsa heveae Drake & Poor (Hemiptera: Tingidae). The rubber plantation area treated with these agents has been steady since the 90's, estimated in 10,000-15,000 ha per year. A few large-scale rubber operations, one biocontrol company and three government-owned laboratories were, and currently one still is, involved in their commercialization. One species, until now referred to as Sporothrix insectorum, have been historically deployed in biocontrol applications in Brazilian rubber farms. However, the identities of these fungi have relied solely on morphological examinations and, therefore, proper molecular assessments are needed for accurate identifications. With this purpose, DNA sequences of six L. heveae-infecting isolates (five of which deployed in field applications over the last decades) were extracted and sequenced. Multigene phylogeny showed that, indeed, both Simplicillium lanosoniveum and Cordyceps (formerly Isaria) sp. have been sprayed in rubber plantations to manage L. heveae populations, although the former is the only applied nowadays. Since S. lanosoniveum and Cordyceps sp. have no relation whatsoever to true Sporothrix species associated with human and animal diseases, biocontrol companies and even rubber operations may now feel encouraged to register mycoinsecticides targeting L. heveae. Given the increasing cultivation of rubber trees in escape areas, which are unfavorable to devastating foliar fungal diseases but are more prone to L. heveae infestations, our findings could potentially boost the utilization of identified fungal agents in these areas. We also added unpublished historical accounts after contacting key contributors to the launching in the 80's of this quite interesting but yet not so well known biocontrol program. } }

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