@ARTICLE{TreeBASE2Ref30741, author = {Amanda Pricilla Batista Santos and Alessandro Rapini and Ulrich Meve and Lamarck Rocha and Patr?cia Luz Ribeiro and Sigrid Liede-Schumann and David J. Goyder and Stephan G. Beck and Jorge Fontella-Pereira}, title = {Petalostelma of Brazil and the initial evolution of Metastelmatinae (Apocynaceae)}, year = {2021}, keywords = {Asclepiadoideae,Single copy nuclear genes, Molecular data, Phylogenetics, Systematics, Taxonomy}, doi = {}, url = {http://}, pmid = {}, journal = {Plant Systematics and Evolution}, volume = {}, number = {}, pages = {}, abstract = {The MOG clade is one of the four neotropical lineages of the subfamily Asclepiadoideae (Apocynaceae), and its core group is formed by the subtribes Metastelmatinae, Oxypetalinae, Gonolobinae and Tassadiinae, consisting of about 710 species and 36 genera. These subtribes form well-supported and morphologically distinguishable clades, but the relationships among them are yet to be resolved. Metastelmatinae is composed of approximately 260 species, distributed in 12 genera with complex circumscriptions due to the lack of morphological synapomorphies for certain clades and the uncertain position of some taxa. As a result, there is no agreement regarding the sequence of phylogenetic events at the beginning of Metastelmatinae evolution. Petalostelma stands out for being a genus frequently assigned to the basal grade of Metastelmatinae. It includes twining plants with tiny flowers, rotated corolla, gynostegial corona lobes opposite to anthers and, sometimes, a corolline corona. In this study, we evaluated the circumscription of Petalostelma, the phylogenetic position of the genus in Metastelmatinae and the relationships between the subtribes of the MOG core group, thus offering an overview of the initial diversification of Metastelmatinae. We also present a taxonomic revision of Petalostelma in Brazil, including complete morphological descriptions, an identification key, illustrations, distribution maps, assessments of the conservation status and taxonomic comments for the nine species recognized in the country, including a new species from eastern Brazil, P. atlanticum A.P.B. Santos, endemic to Esp?rito Santo.} }

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