@INCOLLECTION{TreeBASE2Ref17426, author = {Brian D. Schrire and Matthew T. Lavin and Nigel P. Barker and Helen Cortes-Burns and I. von Senger and J.-H. Kim}, title = {Towards a phylogeny of Indigofera (Leguminosae - Papilionoideae):identification of major clades and relative ages.}, year = {2002}, keywords = {in press}, doi = {}, url = {}, pmid = {}, booktitle = {Advances in Legume Systematics, part 10.}, isbn = {}, publisher = {Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew}, address = {London}, editor = {Anne Bruneau and Bente B. Klitgaard}, pages = {}, abstract = {A combined nrDNA ITS / 5.8S sequence and morphological data analysis of 87 species of Indigofera and 5 species of Vaughania, reveals that Indigofera is a well supported monophyletic group inclusive of Vaughania, and is sister to a clade comprising at least Cyamopsis, Indigastrum, Rhynchotropis and Microcharis. Furthermore, all of the species sampled in this analysis (and selected as representing the range of variation in Indigofera), belong to one of four monophyletic clades. According to Bayesian liklehood and evolutionary rates analyses of the molecular data, all four of these Indigofera subclades diverged at about the same time, in the Late Oligocene to Early Miocene (c. 26 ? 21 Ma), corresponding to the emergence of drier and more open habitats in Africa. Of the four major clades within Indigofera, the Cape clade comprises all of the Indigofera species endemic to the Cape Floral Region of South Africa. The Pantropical clade comprises a large proportion of the sampled Indigofera species and represents the most widespread and speciose subgroup within Indigofera. Nested within the Boreotropical clade (predominantly Africa to India and Neotropics) is the R?union endemic Indigofera ammoxylum (originally in the genus Bremontiera) and the Madagascan endemic genus Vaughania. The Paleotropical clade is distributed in Africa and Asia, but not the Neotropics. All four of these monophyletic clades are well supported by high Bayesian posterior probabilities and parsimony bootstrap values, except for the Boreotropical clade, which is weakly supported by parsimony bootstrap analysis. Two trans-Atlantic Indigofera subclades, one each in the Boreotropical and Pantropical clades, as well as the concentration of the Boreotropical clade in Africa through South West Asia to India and the Neotropics is suggestive of a Boreotropical influence on the current distribution of Indigofera. Notably, Old World areas of endemism in these putative boreotropical lineages include the Saharo-Sindian Regional Zone (with extensions to India), the Horn of Africa region, the north-east ? south-west African arid corridor, and Madagascar.} }

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