@ARTICLE{TreeBASE2Ref19859, author = {Jessica Alfoldi and Richard E Glor}, title = {The genome of Anolis carolinensis, the green anole lizard, and a comparative analysis with birds and mammals}, year = {2011}, keywords = {Anolis, genome, phylogeny}, doi = {10.1038/nature10390}, url = {http://}, pmid = {}, journal = {Nature}, volume = {477}, number = {}, pages = {587--591}, abstract = {The evolution of the amniotic egg was one of the great evolutionary innovations in the history of life, freeing vertebrates from an obligatory connection to water and thus permitting the conquest of terrestrial environments [1]. Among amniotes, genome sequences are available for mammals[2] and birds[3-5], but not for non-avian reptiles. Here we report the genome sequence of the North American green anole lizard, Anolis carolinensis. We find that A. carolinensis microchromosomes are highly syntenic with chicken microchromosomes, yet do not exhibit the high GC and low repeat content that are characteristic of avian microchromosomes[3]. Also, A. carolinensis mobile elements are very young and diverse ? more so than in any other sequenced amniote genome. This lizard genome?s GC content is also unusual in its homogeneity, unlike the regionally variable GC content found in mammals and birds[6]. We describe and assign sequence to the previously unknown A. carolinensis X chromosome. Comparative gene analysis shows that amniote egg proteins have evolved significantly more rapidly than other proteins. Fewer olfactory receptors, compared to birds and mammals, may indicate a reduced sense of smell, while an unusually high number of opsin genes may contribute to the lizard?s sophisticated color vision. A phylogeny of the Caribbean anoles resolves basal branches to illuminate the history of their repeated adaptive radiations.} }

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