@ARTICLE{TreeBASE2Ref23624, author = {Jiabin Deng and Bryan T Drew and Evgeny V Mavrodiev and Matthew A Gitzendanner and Pamela S. Soltis and Douglas Soltis}, title = {Saxifragaceae: Phylogeny, divergence times, and historical biogeography}, year = {2014}, keywords = {Saxifragaceae, Saniculiphyllum, Divergence times, S-DIVA}, doi = {}, url = {http://}, pmid = {}, journal = {Molecular Phylogentics and Evolution}, volume = {}, number = {}, pages = {}, abstract = {Saxifragaceae (Saxifragales) contain approximately 640 species and 33 genera, about half of which are monotypic. Due to convergent morphological evolution and disjunct distributions, relationships within Saxifragaceae have historically been problematic. The family primarily occurs in the Northern Hemisphere, mostly in mountainous regions, with the greatest number of genera and species in Western North America. Here, we integrate broad gene (56 loci) and taxon sampling (223 species) strategies, both the most comprehensive to date within Saxifragaceae, with fossil calibrations and geographical distribution data to address relationships among major Saxifragaceae lineages, divergence times, and historical biogeography. Two lineages, the heucheroids (8 groups + Saniculiphyllum) and saxifragoids (Saxifraga s.s, which includes Saxifragella but not Micranthes), were recovered in our phylogenetic analyses. Divergence time estimates indicate that Saxifragaceae began to diversify ca. 38.37 million years ago or Mya (95% HPD = 30.99-46.11, Mya) in the Mid-Late Eocene, and that the two major lineages, the heucheroids and saxifragoids, began to diversify approximately 30.04 Mya (95% HPD = 23.87-37.15 Mya) and 30.85 Mya (95% HPD = 23.47-39.33 Mya), respectively. We reconstructed ancestral geographic areas using statistical dispersal-vicariance (S-DIVA). These analyses indicate that there were several radiations within Saxifragaceae: one occurred in eastern Asia and there were multiple radiations in western North America. Our results also show that large amounts of sequence data coupled with broad taxon sampling can help resolve clade relationships that have thus far seemed intractable.} }

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