@ARTICLE{TreeBASE2Ref25873, author = {Liming Cai and Zhenxiang Xi and Kylee Peterson and Catherine A Rushworth and Jeremy M Beaulieu and Charles C. Davis}, title = {Phylogeny Of Elatinaceae And The Tropical Gondwanan Origin Of The Centroplacaceae (Malpighiaceae, Elatinaceae) Clade}, year = {2016}, keywords = {Aquatic plants; Systematics; Divergence time estimation; Biogeography; Vicariance; Dispersal}, doi = {}, url = {http://}, pmid = {}, journal = {PLOS ONE}, volume = {}, number = {}, pages = {}, abstract = {The flowering plant family Elatinaceae is a widespread aquatic lineage inhabiting temperate and tropical latitudes, including ~35 species. Its phylogeny remains largely unknown, compromising our understanding of its systematics. Moreover, its biogeography is particularly in need of attention because most aquatic plant clades have yet to be investigated, resulting in uncertainty about whether aquatic plants show histories that deviate from terrestrial plants. We inferred the phylogeny of Elatinaceae from four DNA regions spanning 59 accessions across the family. An expanded sampling was used for molecular divergence time estimation and ancestral area reconstruction to infer the biogeography of Elatinaceae and their closest terrestrial relatives, Malpighiaceae and Centroplacaceae. The two genera of Elatinaceae, Bergia and Elatine, are monophyletic, but several traditionally recognized groups within the family are non-monophyletic. Our results suggest two ancient biogeographic events in the Centroplacaceae(Malpighiaceae, Elatinaceae) clade involving western Gondwana, while Elatinaceae shows a more complicated biogeographic history with a high degree of continental endemicity. Our results indicate the need for further taxonomic investigation of Elatinaceae. Further, our study is one of few to implicate ancient Gondwanan biogeography in extant angiosperms, especially significant given the Centroplacaceae(Malpighiaceae, Elatinaceae) clade's largely tropical distribution. Finally, Elatinaceae demonstrates long-term continental in situ diversification, which argues against recent dispersal as a universal explanation commonly invoked for aquatic plant distributions.} }

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