@ARTICLE{TreeBASE2Ref29569, author = {Radwa A Hanafy and Gareth W. Griffith and Sumit Singh Dagar and Mostafa S Elshahed and Noha H Youssef}, title = {Seven new Neocallimastigomycota genera from fecal samples of wild, zoo-housed, and domesticated herbivores: Description of Ghazallomyces constrictus gen. nov., sp. nov., Aklioshbomyces papillarum gen. nov., sp. nov., Agriosomyces longus gen. nov., sp. nov., Capellomyces foraminis gen. nov., sp. nov. and Capellomyces elongatus sp. nov., Khoyollomyces ramosus gen. nov., sp. nov., Joblinomyces apicalis gen. nov., sp. nov., and Tahromyces munnarensis gen. nov., sp. nov.}, year = {2019}, keywords = {Anaerobic gut fungi, Neocallimastigomycota, Herbivores, 8 new taxa }, doi = {}, url = {http://}, pmid = {}, journal = {Mycologia}, volume = {}, number = {}, pages = {}, abstract = {We isolated and characterized sixty anaerobic gut fungi (AGF, Neocallimastigomycota) strains from fecal samples of five wild (W), one zoo-housed (Z), and two domesticated (D) herbivores in the US states of Texas (TX) and Oklahoma (OK), and the Indian states of Kerala (KE) and Haryana (HA). Phylogenetic assessment based on D1-D2 region of the large rRNA subunit (LSU) identified seven distinct lineages, with strains recovered from Axis Deer (W-TX) clustering within the Orpinomyces-Neocallimastix-Pecoramyces-Feramyces clade; Boer Goat-domesticated Goat strains (W-TX, D-KE) clustering within the Oontomyces-Anaeromyces-Liebetanzomyces clade; and Nilgiri Tahr strains (W-KE) as well as domesticated Goat and sheep strains (D-HA) forming two distinct clades associated with genus Buwchfawromyces. The remaining three lineages, represented by strains recovered from Mouflon-Boer Goat (W-TX), White Tailed Deer (W-OK), and Zebra (Z-OK), displayed no specific supragenus affiliation. All strains displayed monocentric thalli and produced mono/uniflagellated zoospores with the exception of Axis Deer strains, which produced polyflagellated zoospores. Isolates displayed multiple interesting microscopic features including sporangia with tightly constricted necks and fine septa at the base (Axis Deer), papillated and pseudo-intercalary sporangia (White-Tailed Deer), swollen sporangiophores and zoospores with long flagella (Mouflon-Boer Goat), zoospores release through an apical pore (Axis Deer, Boer Goat-domesticated Goat, and Zebra), multi-sporangiated thalli with branched sporangiophores (Zebra), and subsporangial swelling on short sporangiophore (Nilgiri Tahr). Internal transcribed spacer-1 region (ITS1) sequence analysis indicated that Zebra strains are representatives of the AL1 lineage, frequently encountered in culture-independent surveys of the alimentary tract and fecal samples from hindgut fermenters. The other six lineages, five of which were isolated from wild herbivores, have not been previously encountered in such surveys. Our results significantly expand the genus level diversity within the Neocallimastigomycota, and strongly suggest that wild herbivores represent a yet-untapped reservoir of AGF diversity. We propose the creation of seven novel genera and eight novel Neocallimastigomycota species to accommodate these strains, for which we propose the names Ghazallomyces constrictus (Axis Deer), Aklioshbomyces papillarum (White tailed Deer), Agriosomyces longus (Mouflon and wild Boer Goat), Capellomyces foraminis (wild Boar Goat) and C. elongatus (domesticated Goat), Khoyollomyces ramosus (Zebra), Joblinomyces apicalis (domesticated Goat and Sheep), and Tahromyces munnarensis (Nilgiri Tahr). The type species are strains Axs-31, WT-2, MS-4, BGB-11, GFKJa1916, ZS-33, GFH683, and TDFKJa193, respectively.} }

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