@ARTICLE{TreeBASE2Ref29577, author = {Takayuki Aoki and Jason A. Smith and Matthew T. Kasson and Stanley Freeman and David M. Geiser and Andrew D.W. Geering and Kerry O'Donnell}, title = {Three novel Ambrosia Fusarium Clade species producing clavate macroconidia known (F. floridanum and F. obliquiseptatum) or predicted to be farmed (F. tuaranense) by Euwallacea spp. (Coleoptera: Scolytinae) on woody hosts}, year = {2019}, keywords = {Ambrosia fungi, fungiculture, gene genealogies, molecular phylogenetics, morphology, mutualism, phylogenetic species, symbiosis, 3 new taxa}, doi = {}, url = {http://}, pmid = {}, journal = {Mycologia}, volume = {}, number = {}, pages = {}, abstract = {The Ambrosia Fusarium Clade (AFC) comprises at least 16 genealogically exclusive species level lineages within clade 3 of the Fusarium solani species complex (FSSC). These fungi are either known or predicted to be farmed by Asian Euwallacea ambrosia beetles (Coleoptera: Curculionidae: Scolytinae) in the tribe Xyleborini as a source of nutrition. To date only four of the 16 AFC have been described formally. In the absence of Latin binomials an ad hoc nomenclature was developed to distinguish the 16 species lineages as AF-1 to AF-16. Herein, Fusarium spp. AF-3, AF-5 and AF-7 were formally described as F. floridanum, F. tuaranense and F. obliquiseptatum, respectively. Fusarium floridanum farmed by E. interjectus on box elder (Acer negundo) in Gainesville, Florida was distinguished morphologically by the production of sporodochial conidia that were highly variable in size and shape together with greenish pigmented chlamydospores. Fusarium tuaranense was isolated from a beetle damaged Paŕa rubber tree (Hevea brasiliense) in North Borneo, Malaysia and was diagnosed by production of the smallest sporodochial conidia of any species within the AFC. Lastly, F. obliquiseptatum was farmed by an unnamed ambrosia beetle designated Euwallacea sp. #3 (E. fornicatus species complex) on avocado (Persea americana) in Queensland, Australia. It uniquely produces some clavate sporodochial conidia with oblique septa. Multilocus maximum likelihood analyses of a multilocus dataset resolved these three novel AFC taxa as phylogenetically distinct species based on genealogical concordance. Particularly where introduced into exotic environments, these exotic mutualists pose a serious threat to the avocado industry, native forests and urban landscapes in diverse regions throughout the world.} }

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