@ARTICLE{TreeBASE2Ref14508, author = {Ingi Agnarsson}, title = {A revision and phylogenetic analysis of the American ethicus and rupununi groups of Anelosimus (Araneae, Theridiidae)}, year = {2005}, keywords = {}, doi = {10.1111/j.1463-6409.2005.00189.x}, url = {}, pmid = {}, journal = {Zoologica Scripta}, volume = {34}, number = {}, pages = {189--314}, abstract = {Two American species groups of the social spider genus Anelosimus are revised. The ethicus group contains six species from South America. Anelosimus rabus Levi, 1963, A. ethicus (Keyserling, 1884), and A. nigrescens (Keyserling, 1884) are redescribed, and A. nigrescens here removed from synonymy with A. ethicus. Three new species is described A. misiones sp. n. from southern Brazil and Argentina, and A. sumisolena sp. n. and A. inhandava sp. n. from southern Brazil. Anelosimus ethicus is reportedly either subsocial or solitary, while the behavior of the other species in the ethicus group is unknown. The rupununi group contains two quasisocial species, A. rupununi Levi, 1956, and A. lorenzo Fowler & Levi, 1979 from tropical South America that are redescribed. A parsimony analysis of morphological characters provides support for the monophyly of both groups. In the phylogeny subsociality optimizes to the base of Anelosimus, indicating that the common ancestor of the ethicus group was subsocial. Its members can thus be predicted to be subsocial, or secondarily solitary. Regardless, studying their biology is important to advance understanding on the evolution of sociality in spiders. Quasisociality arose de novo in the rupununi group, representing one of six to seven independent origins in theridiid spiders.} }

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