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@ARTICLE{TreeBASE2Ref17752, author = {Susumu Takamatsu and Mar?a Havrylenko and Silvia M. Wolcan and Sanae Matsuda and Seiko Niinomi}, title = {Molecular phylogeny and evolution of the genus Neoerysiphe (Erysiphaceae, Ascomycota)}, year = {2007}, keywords = {}, doi = {}, url = {}, pmid = {}, journal = {Mycological Research}, volume = {}, number = {}, pages = {}, abstract = {The genus Neoerysiphe comprises belongs into the tribe Golovinomyceteae of the Erysiphaceae together with the genera Arthrocladiella and Golovinomyces. This genus is a relatively small genus, comprising only four species, and having ca 300 species from six plant families as hosts. To investigate the molecular phylogeny and evolution of the genus, we determined the nucleotide sequences of the rDNA ITS regions and the divergent domains D1 and D2 of the 28S rDNA. The 30 ITS sequences from Neoerysiphe are divided into three monophyletic groups that are represented by their host families. Groups 1 and 3 consist of N. galeopsidis from Lamiaceae and N. galii from Rubiaceae, respectively, and the genetic diversity within the each group is extremely low. Group 2 is represented by N. cumminsiana from Asteraceae. This group also includes O. baccharidis, O. maquii, and Oidium spp. from Galinsoga (Asteraceae) and Aloysia (Verbenaceae), and is further divided into four subgroups. Neoerysiphe galeopsidis is distributed worldwide, but is especially common in western Eurasia from Central Asia to Europe. Neoerysiphe galii is also common in western Eurasia. In contrast, the specimens of group 2 were all collected in the New World, except for one specimen that was collected in Japan; this may indicate a close relationship of group 2 with the New World. Molecular clock calibration demonstrated that Neoerysiphe split from other genera ca 3540M years ago (Mya), and that the three groups of Neoerysiphe diverged between 10 and 15 Mya, in the Miocene. Aloysia citriodora is a new host for the Erysiphaceae and the fungus on this plant iswas described as Oidium aloysiae sp. nov.} }