@ARTICLE{TreeBASE2Ref28231, author = {Hassiba BELAHBIB and Emmanuelle Renard and Sebastien Santini and Cyril Jourda and Jean Michel Clavery and Carole Borchiellini and Andre Le Bivic}, title = {New Genomic Data and Analyses Challenge the Traditional Vision of Epithelium Evolution in Sponges and Ctenophores.}, year = {2018}, keywords = {Metazoans, polarity complexes, E-cadherin complex}, doi = {}, url = {http://}, pmid = {}, journal = {BMC Genomics}, volume = {}, number = {}, pages = {}, abstract = {The emergence of epithelia was the foundation of metazoan expansion. To investigate the early evolution of animal epithelia, we characterized epithelial markers such as the E-cadherin complex and the polarity complexes in all classes (Calcarea, Demospongiae, Hexactinellida, Homoscleromorpha) of sponges (phylum Porifera), in Placozoa and in Ctenophora. We found that Placozoa and most sponges possess orthologs of all essential genes encoding proteins found in bilaterian epithelial cells, as well as their conserved interaction domains. In stark contrast, we found that ctenophores lack several major polarity complex components such as the Crumbs complex and Scribble. Furthermore, the E-cadherin ctenophore ortholog exhibits a divergent cytoplasmic domain making it unlikely to be able to interact with its canonical cytoplasmic partners. These unexpected findings are interpreted in the context of the highly debated evolutionary position of Porifera and Ctenophora to challenge the current evolutionary paradigm on the emergence of epithelia.} }

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