@ARTICLE{TreeBASE2Ref23945, author = {Caroline Elise Waculicz-Andrade and Andressa Peres Bini and Douglas Adamoski and Eduardo Henrique Goulin and Danyelle Stringari and Lygia Vitória Galli-Terasawa }, title = {Colletotrichum gloeosporioides stricto sensu: an endophytic species or citrus pathogens in Brazil?}, year = {2014}, keywords = {Colletotrichum acutatum, Colletotrichum gloeosporioides; endophytic fungus of citrus, spontaneous vegetation, Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR), multigenic sequencing}, doi = {}, url = {http://}, pmid = {}, journal = {Fungal Diversity}, volume = {}, number = {}, pages = {}, abstract = {Postbloom Fruit Drop (PFD) caused by the fungus Colletotrichum acutatum lato sensu and at least some strains of C. gloeosporioides lato sensu also causes brown stains in petals. The cause of PFD was originally attributed to the fungus Colletotrichum gloeosporioides (Fagan, 1979). Afterwards, Brown, Sreenivasaprasad e Timmer (1996), using a molecular marker, through PCR, identified that the responsible agent for the disease was the fungus C. acutatum. A study with the isolated fungi of citrus flowers that displayed symptoms of PFD demonstrated that the analyzed isolates belonged to the species C. gloeosporioides. Pathogenicity tests and comparisons of the disease development in C. acutatum and C. gloeosporioides indicated again C. gloeosporioides as one of the epidemiologic agents of the PFD (Lima et al., 2011). Both Colletotrichum species are currently recognized as species complexes, being considered lato sensu species. Colletotrichum gloesoporioides lato sensu is known as a species complex and their limit was defined genetically on the basis of multi-gene phylogenies and were accepted 22 species plus one subspecies within this complex, however were not included fungi isolates of citrus from Brazil. The isolated fungi of citrus flowers from Brazil that displayed symptoms of PFD demonstrated that the analyzed isolates belonged to C. gloeosporioides lato sensu. Thus, it is important to know which specie within this complex is responsible for causing symptoms of PFD. There are no records of pathogenic strains of Colletotrichum in endophytic form and it is also unknown if it is present as a latent pathogen in citric plants or in plants of the spontaneous vegetation. This study aims to isolate and identify the endophytic species of Colletotrichum of citric plants and spontaneous vegetation; identify the species of pathogen isolates originating from citrus; estimate the specificity of the species-specific primers for C. gloeosporioides and assess the degree of pathogenicity of endophytic isolates in citrus flowers. The identification was carried out using morphologic and molecular characteristics by PCR, sequencing of the region ITS1-5. 8S-ITS2 of the rDNA and partial sequencing of the 18S genes of the rDNA; GPDH (glycerol 3-phosphate dehydrogenase); actin (ACT), calmodulin (CAL) e chitin (CHS-1). Were obtained 189 endophytic isolates identified by PCR as belonging to the C. gloeosporioides species complex, and by multi-gene analysis as specie C. gloeosporioides stricto sensu, as well as the isolates previously described as citrus pathogens. The species-specific primers amplified different species of this complex. The pathogenicity test revealed that the isolate of C. gloeosporioides stricto sensu endophytic from citrus was capable of causing symptoms of PFD in citric flowers. Contrary to C. acutatum lato sensu, C. gloeosporioides stricto sensu colonizes citric plants and the spontaneous vegetation as endophytic, participating in the epidemiology of PFD in citric orchards of the Sao Paulo state, Brazil. } }

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