@ARTICLE{TreeBASE2Ref25978, author = {Sandra Denman and Glynn Barrett and Susan A Kirk and James E. McDonald and Martin P. A. Coetzee}, title = {Identification of Armillaria species on oak in Britain: Implications for Oak Health}, year = {2016}, keywords = {}, doi = {}, url = {http://}, pmid = {}, journal = {International Journal of Forest Research}, volume = {}, number = {}, pages = {}, abstract = {The identity of 51 isolates of Armillaria obtained from 16 Quercus robur trees located at nine sites in England was determined using MLSA of three gene regions. Sequences of the ITS 1, IGS-1 and EF-1 gene regions were obtained by PCR amplification and sequencing, and phylogenetic trees were generated based on Maximum Likelihood and Bayesian inference of phylogenies. Four Armillaria species were isolated: A. gallica, A. mellea, A. ostoyae and A. tabescens. Armillaria gallica was isolated most frequently (40/51 isolates) but only from trees in woodlands. Armillaria mellea was isolated infrequently (3/51), only from trees in gardens, whereas A. tabescens, which was also isolated infrequently (4/51), was obtained from trees either in a garden or a parkland location. Armillaria ostoyae (4/51 isolates) was co-isolated with A. gallica raising interesting questions about the synecology of these species. The distribution of these four species of Armillaria in Britain and their possible roles in pathogenicity on oak are discussed. It is concluded that future studies are necessary to determine the role of Armillaria in Oak Declines, and that A. gallica should be a key focus but that other Armillaria species should not be excluded and investigation should include polymicrobial interactions with other microbes including bacteria and other Armillaria species.} }

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